Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths.
Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths.
复制标题
身体成分技术和常数对儿童和青少年的适用性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
T. Lohman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Lohman
这篇综述的重点是儿童的化学不成熟及其对身体成分估计的影响。青春期前和青春期的儿童在脱脂身体成分上与成年参考男性有相当大的偏差，这导致研究人员使用传统的身体组成公式高估了这一人群的身体肥胖度。使用多组分的身体成分方法来更准确地估计儿童的身体肥胖度，为这一人群的身体成分提供了新的信息。建议进一步测试和验证性别和年龄相关的常数，以取代来自参考男性的常数，并在临床环境中使用。儿童的化学不成熟对估计6至11岁儿童的肥胖程度和估计苗条、运动、青春期前人群的体脂有最大的影响。之前对脂肪和脱脂身体增长率的估计也受到化学不成熟的影响。需要进一步研究体力活动和不活动对生长过程中无脂肪身体组成的影响，制定常量，以便在所有年龄的体力活动样本中更准确地估计肥胖度，并验证在活动较少的人群中出现的常量。今后在所有儿童和青年群体中进行多组分身体成分系统的研究对于在这一领域取得进展至关重要。研究结果将对估计儿童肥胖、预测运动人群的最小体重以及估计脂肪和脱脂体质量的增长率有重要贡献。开发更准确地测量肌肉、骨骼和脂肪生长的身体成分方法是今后的一项重大挑战。
This review has focused on the chemical immaturity of children and the implications for body composition estimates. Prepubescent and pubescent children deviate considerably in fat-free body composition from the adult reference male, and this has lead investigators to overestimate body fatness in this population using conventional body composition formulas. The use of multicomponent approaches to body composition to obtain more accurate estimates of body fatness in children has provided new information on the body composition of this population. Sex- and age-specific constants, to replace those derived from the reference male, are suggested for further testing and verification as well as for use in the clinical setting. The chemical immaturity in children has its greatest effect on estimating the extent of obesity in children 6 to 11 years of age and in estimating body fatness in the lean, athletic, prepubescent population. Previous estimates of the growth rate of fat and fat-free body are also affected by chemical immaturity. Further research is needed to study the impact of physical activity and inactivity on the composition of the fat-free body during growth, to develop constants for more accurate estimates of fatness in physically active samples of all ages and to validate the constants presented in the less active populations. Future research with multicomponent body composition systems in all populations of children and youth is essential for progress in this area. Results will have an important contribution to the estimation of childhood obesity, prediction of minimal weight in the athletic population and estimates of growth rate of fat and fat-free body mass. The development of body composition methodologies which more accurately measure the growth of muscle and bone as well as fat is a major challenge ahead.