Linking climate change and biological invasions: Ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions
Linking climate change and biological invasions: Ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.242437499
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发表时间：
2002-11-26
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Osman, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stachowicz, JJ;Terwin, JR;Osman, RW
外来物种的传播和气候变化是最严重的全球环境威胁之一。每一种都会单独造成相当大的生态破坏，但几乎没有数据来评估气候变化是否会通过偏爱引进物种而不是本土物种来促进入侵。在这里，我们将每周固着海洋无脊椎动物招募的长期记录与水温的年际变化进行比较，以评估气候变化对引进物种成功和传播的可能影响。对于数量最多的三种海鞘(海鞘)，开始补充的时间与冬季水温呈强烈负相关，表明入侵者在冬季较温暖的年份较早到达。第二年夏季引进物种的总补充量也与冬季水温呈正相关。相反，原生海鞘招募的数量与冬季温度呈负相关(在较冷的年份招募更多)，原生招募的时间不受影响。在操纵性实验室实验中，两种引进的复合海鞘比本地物种生长得更快，但只有在接近夏季观察到的最高温度时才能生长。这些数据表明，气候变化对生物群落的最大影响可能是由于最高和最低温度的变化，而不是年平均温度的变化。通过让引进物种更早开始，并增加它们相对于本地物种的生长和招募的规模，全球变暖可能会促进非本地物种向主导地位的转变，从而加速全球生物群的同质化。
The spread of exotic species and climate change are among the most serious global environmental threats. Each independently causes considerable ecological damage, yet few data are available to assess whether changing climate might facilitate invasions by favoring introduced over native species. Here, we compare our long-term record of weekly sessile marine invertebrate recruitment with interannual variation in water temperature to assess the likely effect of climate change on the success and spread of introduced species. For the three most abundant introduced species of ascidian (sea squirt), the timing of the initiation of recruitment was strongly negatively correlated with winter water temperature, indicating that invaders arrived earlier in the season in years with warmer winters. Total recruitment of introduced species during the following summer also was positively correlated with winter water temperature. In contrast, the magnitude of native ascidian recruitment was negatively correlated with winter temperature (more recruitment in colder years) and the timing of native recruitment was unaffected. In manipulative laboratory experiments, two introduced compound ascidians grew faster than a native species, but only at temperatures near the maximum observed in summer. These data suggest that the greatest effects of climate change on biotic communities may be due to changing maximum and minimum temperatures rather than annual means. By giving introduced species an earlier start, and increasing the magnitude of their growth and recruitment relative to natives, global warming may facilitate a shift to dominance by nonnative species, accelerating the homogenization of the global biota.