Violent expansion of a rising Taylor bubble
Violent expansion of a rising Taylor bubble
复制标题
泰勒泡沫的剧烈扩张
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
A. Prosperetti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guangzhao Zhou;A. Prosperetti
本文研究了泰勒气泡在长的、垂直的充液管道（如采油井或勘探井的立管）中的上升问题。它示出，作为气泡上升和膨胀由于逐渐减小的流体静压，可能会达到的情况下，膨胀的字符突然从温和过渡到非常激烈。对于非常深的威尔斯井，这种现象可能特别危险，其中会发生“气涌”，即，气体碳氢化合物在立管中的侵入可导致剧烈的和破坏性的“井喷”。“例如，随着它的膨胀，一个1米长的气泡在一个1000米长的管子中上升，导致液体以厘米/秒的速度从管子顶部溢出，持续了一个小时的大部分时间，直到它在最后几秒钟内上升到10米/秒的速度。这一过程被认为是2010年墨西哥湾深水地平线事故的原因。同样的现象也存在于斯特龙博利式火山爆发的基础上，其特征是物质间歇性地喷射到数十米甚至数百米的高度。本文研究了准平衡模型，动力学模型，漂移通量模型，所有这些都给出了结果与彼此基本一致。准平衡模型导致一个非常简单的关系，而近似，给出了一个强大的标准发生剧烈的气泡膨胀。还介绍了使用OpenFOAM进行说明性计算的结果。
This paper studies the rise of a Taylor bubble in a long, vertical liquid-filled conduit such as the riser of an oil production or exploration well. It is shown that, as the bubble rises and expands due to the gradually decreasing hydrostatic pressure, a situation may be reached in which the character of the expansion abruptly transitions from moderate to very violent. The phenomenon can be particularly dangerous with very deep wells, in which a "gas kick," i.e., the intrusion of gaseous hydrocarbons in the riser, can result in a violent and destructive "blowout." As an example, with its expansion, a 1-m-long bubble rising in a 1000-m-long tube causes the liquid to spill out of the top of the tube with a velocity of the order of cm/s for the better part of an hour, until it rises to the order of 10 m/s in the last several seconds. This process is considered to have been responsible for the DeepWater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The same phenomenon underlies volcanic eruptions of the Strombolian type, which are characterized by the intermittent ejection of material up to heights of tens or even hundreds of meters. In this paper the process is studied with a quasiequilibrium model, a dynamic model, and a drift-flux model, all of which give results in substantial agreement with each other. The quasiequilibrium model leads to a very simple relation which, while approximate, gives a robust criterion for the occurrence of violent bubble expansions. The results of an illustrative calculation with OpenFOAM are also presented.