The Japanese Reactive Attitudinal <i>Nani-mo</i>: A New Class of Negative Polarity Items
The Japanese Reactive Attitudinal <i>Nani-mo</i>: A New Class of Negative Polarity Items
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日本人的反应态度<i>Nani-mo</i>：一类新的负面极性物品
DOI：
10.11435/gengo.160.0_43
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Osamu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sawada;Osamu
在日语中，有两种微语：量词微语和反应性态度微语。虽然这两种类型的纳米-mo都是负极性项目（npi），但反应性态度纳米-mo具有量词纳米-mo（和典型npi）所不具备的特征。反应性态度动词是非命题性的，通常以否定语气出现。我认为反应性态度纳米-mo的意义通常意味着说话者认为在话语中突出的给定命题p是极端的和不必要的，他们以一种微弱的方式反对p（即，不是完全反对p）。然后，我认为反应性态度纳米词的极性敏感性和与情态的发生是基于它的词汇意义和态度匹配的一般语用约束来解释的。一般认为npi在语法和逻辑结构层面上是由否定或向下的操作符（例如Ladusaw 1980）和非验证操作符（例如Giannakidou 1998）许可的。本文表明存在一种新的NPI，即“反应性态度NPI”，它不受逻辑运算符的许可，而是由于其反对的实用功能而需要一个否定元素
In Japanese, there are two kinds of nani-mo: a quantifier nani-mo and a reactive attitudinal nani-mo. Although both types of nani-mo are negative polarity items (NPIs), the reactive attitudinal nani-mo has distinctive properties that the quantifier nani-mo (and typical NPIs) do not have. The reactive attitudinal nani-mo is non-propositional and usually appears with a negative modal. I argue that the meaning of the reactive attitudinal nani-mo conventionally implies that the speaker considers that the given proposition p, which is salient in the discourse, is extreme and unnecessary, and they object to p in a weak manner (ie, not totally objecting to p). I then argue that the polarity sensitivity and occurrence with a modal in the case of the reactive attitudinal nani-mo are explained based on its lexical meaning and the general pragmatic constraint of attitude matching. It is generally assumed that NPIs are licensed by negation or downward-entailing operators (eg, Ladusaw 1980) and non-veridical operators (eg, Giannakidou 1998) at the level of syntax and logical structure. This paper shows that there is a new kind of NPI, a “reactive attitudinal NPI,” that is not licensed by logical operators but, rather, requires a negative element due to its pragmatic function of objection.*