Primate auditory diversity and its influence on hearing performance
Primate auditory diversity and its influence on hearing performance
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ar.a.20118
复制
发表时间：
2004-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ross, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coleman, MN;Ross, CF
听觉区包含许多结构，已被证明是有用的系统发育分类在不同的分类水平。然而，在灵长类动物中，很少有研究将形态学差异与听觉表现的变化联系起来。这项研究记录了灵长类动物的解剖学和生理学差异，并开始讨论这些和其他听觉特征的功能和进化后果。外耳（耳廓）的尺寸在代表几乎每个灵长类动物家族的尸体标本中测量，并用于计算形状比（高度/宽度）。据发现，nonacrylids有一个显着高于acrylids的比例，虽然实际的高度没有发现不同。这表明，大多数非猿类动物的耳朵又高又窄，而猴子和猿类的耳朵高度和宽度尺寸更相等。鼓膜面积，镫骨踏板面积，和听骨杠杆臂长度测量干燥标本，计算阻抗Transformer比。发现了耳鼻喉科和链球菌之间的区别，后一组具有指示通过中耳的声能传输的更高百分比的Transformer比率。从文献中收集听力图数据来分析听力灵敏度，发现阔鼻鱼比大小相似的懒猴具有更高的低频灵敏度。种内变异对听力图结果的影响也进行了检查，并发现产生类似的结果，使用物种平均阈值的分析。最后，形态学和听力图变量之间的相关性进行了检查。听力灵敏度的几个措施被发现与耳廓形状，但与中耳传输性能的相关性较弱。除了使用传统的统计技术，系统发育校正方法，以解决问题的数据的统计非独立性和两个分析的结果进行了比较。这些研究结果进行了讨论，如何感觉适应和系统发育史可能与目前的辐射灵长类动物。(C)2004 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
The auditory region contains numerous structures that have proven useful for phylogenetic classification at various taxonomic levels. However, little work has been done in primates relating differences in morphology to variations in hearing performance. This study documents anatomical and physiological distinctions within primates and begins to address the functional and evolutionary consequences of these and other auditory features. The dimensions of the outer ear (pinna) were measured in cadaveric specimens representing nearly every primate family and used to calculate a shape ratio (height/width). It was found that nonanthropoids have a significantly higher ratio than anthropoids, although the actual height was not found to differ. This indicates that most nonanthropoids have ears that are tall and narrow, whereas monkeys and apes are characterized by ears with more equal height and width dimensions. Eardrum area, stapedial footplate area, and ossicular lever arm lengths were measured in dried specimens to calculate an impedance transformer ratio. A distinction was found between anthropoids and strepsirrhines, with the latter group having a transformer ratio indicative of a higher percentage of acoustic energy transmission through the middle ear. Audiogram data were gathered from the literature to analyze hearing sensitivity and it was found that platyrrhines illustrate more low-frequency sensitivity than like-sized lorisoids. The effects of intraspecific variation on the audiogram results were also examined and were found to produce similar results as the analysis using species mean threshold values. Lastly, correlations between morphological and audiogram variables were examined. Several measures of hearing sensitivity were found to be correlated with pinna shape but correlations with middle ear transmission properties were weaker. In addition to using traditional statistical techniques, phylogenetic corrective methods were applied to address the problem of statistical nonindependence of the data and the results of both analyses are compared. These findings are discussed with respect to how sensory adaptations and phylogenetic history may be related to the current radiation of primates. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.