Female Fertility Preservation through Stem Cell-based Ovarian Tissue Reconstitution In Vitro and Ovarian Regeneration In Vivo
Female Fertility Preservation through Stem Cell-based Ovarian Tissue Reconstitution In Vitro and Ovarian Regeneration In Vivo
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/1179558119848007
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-23
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tilly, Jonathan L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akahori, Taichi;Woods, Dori C.;Tilly, Jonathan L.
从历史上看，旨在为被诊断患有癌症的妇女提供在完成其细胞毒性治疗后拥有遗传匹配的孩子的前景的方法集中在现有的卵母细胞群体上，作为可用于不孕症临床管理的唯一资源。在这方面，选择性卵母细胞和胚胎冷冻保存，以及自体卵巢皮质组织移植后治疗，已获得广泛支持，作为年轻女孩和育龄妇女谁是面临癌症的选择考虑。此外，使用卵巢保护性疗法，包括促性腺激素释放激素激动剂和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸类似物，已经被提出作为一种替代方法，通过保护体内卵巢中现有的卵母细胞免受放疗和许多化疗方案引起的副作用损伤来保护生育力。这一观点随着许多哺乳动物（包括人类）的成年卵巢含有一种罕见的产生卵母细胞的生殖细胞（称为雌性生殖系或卵原干细胞（OSCs））的报道而改变。这项新的研究推动了对产生新卵母细胞而不是与现有卵母细胞一起工作的前景的研究，作为维持或恢复女性癌症幸存者生育能力的新方法。在这里，我们概述了世界各地实验室的工作历史，重点是提高我们对OSCs生物学的理解，以及这些细胞如何用于体外重建“人造”卵巢组织或在体内再生受损的卵巢组织作为未来的生育力保存选择。
Historically, approaches designed to offer women diagnosed with cancer the prospects of having a genetically matched child after completion of their cytotoxic treatments focused on the existing oocyte population as the sole resource available for clinical management of infertility. In this regard, elective oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, as well as autologous ovarian cortical tissue grafting posttreatment, have gained widespread support as options for young girls and reproductive-age women who are faced with cancer to consider. In addition, the use of ovarian protective therapies, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and sphingosine-1-phosphate analogs, has been put forth as an alternative way to preserve fertility by shielding existing oocytes in the ovaries in vivo from the side-effect damage caused by radiotherapy and many chemotherapeutic regimens. This viewpoint changed with the publication of now numerous reports that adult ovaries of many mammalian species, including humans, contain a rare population of oocyte-producing germ cells-referred to as female germline or oogonial stem cells (OSCs). This new line of study has fueled research into the prospects of generating new oocytes, rather than working with existing oocytes, as a novel approach to sustain or restore fertility in female cancer survivors. Here, we overview the history of work from laboratories around the world focused on improving our understanding of the biology of OSCs and how these cells may be used to reconstitute "artificial" ovarian tissue in vitro or to regenerate damaged ovarian tissue in vivo as future fertility-preservation options.