Regeneration enhancers: A clue to reactivation of developmental genes
Regeneration enhancers: A clue to reactivation of developmental genes
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DOI：
10.1111/dgd.12654
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
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通讯作者：
Nanoka Suzuki;H. Ochi
中科院分区：
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作者：
Nanoka Suzuki;H. Ochi
在组织和器官再生过程中，细胞最初检测到损伤，然后改变核转录以有利于组织/器官重建。直到最近，组织再生的研究一直集中在相关基因的鉴定上。这些研究表明，许多发育基因在再生过程中被重复使用。与此同时，比较基因组学研究表明，基因总数在脊椎动物类群之间没有很大差异。此外，利用各种敲除/敲低技术对发育基因的功能分析表明，这些基因的功能在脊椎动物中是保守的。尽管有这些数据，动物之间再生受损身体部位的能力差异很大。因此，重要的是要确定再生转录程序是如何被触发的，以及为什么再生潜力低的动物在受伤后不能表达发育基因。最近，我们在非洲爪蟾转基因系统中发现了相关的增强子，并在确定其激活机制后将其命名为再生信号应答增强子（RSRE）。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的研究损伤/再生相关的增强剂，然后讨论其激活机制。
During tissue and organ regeneration, cells initially detect damage and then alter nuclear transcription in favor of tissue/organ reconstruction. Until recently, studies of tissue regeneration have focused on the identification of relevant genes. These studies show that many developmental genes are reused during regeneration. Concurrently, comparative genomics studies have shown that the total number of genes does not vastly differ among vertebrate taxa. Moreover, functional analyses of developmental genes using various knockout/knockdown techniques demonstrated that the functions of these genes are conserved among vertebrates. Despite these data, the ability to regenerate damaged body parts varies widely between animals. Thus, it is important to determine how regenerative transcriptional programs are triggered and why animals with low regenerative potential fail to express developmental genes after injury. Recently, we discovered relevant enhancers and named them regeneration signal‐response enhancers (RSREs) after identifying their activation mechanisms in a Xenopus laevis transgenic system. In this review, we summarize recent studies of injury/regeneration‐associated enhancers and then discuss their mechanisms of activation.