Burden of cancer attributable to modifiable factors in Japan in 2015
Burden of cancer attributable to modifiable factors in Japan in 2015
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DOI：
10.35772/ghm.2021.01037
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Matsuda, Tomohiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Inoue, Manami;Hirabayashi, Mayo;Matsuda, Tomohiro
该研究使用最佳流行病学证据和标准方法估计了2015年日本可改变因素造成的癌症负担。我们选择了以下因素纳入估计数，即吸烟（主动吸烟和二手烟）、饮酒、超重、缺乏身体活动、传染源（幽门螺杆菌、丙型肝炎病毒、B型肝炎病毒、人乳头瘤病毒、EB病毒和人T细胞白血病病毒1型）、饮食摄入量（高盐食物，水果，蔬菜，膳食纤维，红肉，加工肉类），外源性激素的使用，从不母乳喂养和空气污染，因为这些被认为是可以改变的，至少在理论上是这样。我们首先使用日本人的代表性相对风险和2005年左右日本人的暴露流行率，并考虑到暴露与癌症结局之间的10年间隔，估计了可归因于这些因素的每种癌症的人群归因分数（PAF）。使用全国癌症发病率和死亡率统计数据，我们估计了2015年的可归因癌症发病率和死亡率。我们最终获得了PAF的部位特异性和总的癌症归因于所有可改变的危险因素，使用这个公式，与风险因素之间的重叠的影响的统计考虑。结果表明，35.9%的癌症发病率（男性43.4%，女性25.3%）和41.0%的癌症死亡率（男性49.7%，女性26.8%）被认为是可以通过避免这些暴露来预防的。2015年，在日本，感染和主动吸烟以及饮酒是导致癌症的最大因素。
The This study estimated the cancer burden attributable to modifiable factors in Japan in 2015 using the best available epidemiological evidence and a standard methodology. We selected the following factors for inclusion in the estimates, namely tobacco smoking (active smoking and secondhand smoking), alcohol drinking, excess bodyweight, physical inactivity, infectious agents (Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1), dietary intake (highly salted food, fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, red meat, processed meat), exogenous hormone use, never breastfeeding and air pollution, given that these were considered modifiable, in theory at least. We first estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of each cancer attributable to these factors using representative relative risks of Japanese and the prevalence of exposures in Japanese around 2005, in consideration of the 10-year interval between exposure and cancer outcomes. Using nationwide cancer incidence and mortality statistics, we then estimated the attributable cancer incidence and mortality in 2015. We finally obtained the PAF for site-specific and total cancers attributable to all modifiable risk factors using this formula, with statistical consideration of the effect of overlap between risk factors. The results showed that 35.9% of all cancer incidence (43.4% in men and 25.3% in women) and 41.0% of all cancer mortality (49.7% in men and 26.8% in women) would be considered preventable by avoidance of these exposures. Infections and active smoking followed by alcohol drinking were the greatest contributing factors to cancer in Japan in 2015.