Post-error behavior in active cocaine users: Poor awareness of errors in the presence of intact performance adjustments
Post-error behavior in active cocaine users: Poor awareness of errors in the presence of intact performance adjustments
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1301326
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Garavan, Hugh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hester, Robert;Simoes-Franklin, Cristina;Garavan, Hugh
活跃的可卡因滥用者对错误的神经反应减弱，特别是在被认为对错误处理至关重要的前扣带皮质。无法发现或调整错误后的表现与临床症状有关，包括丧失洞察力和坚持不懈的行为。我们使用需要错误意识和表现适应的反应抑制任务，研究了这种与错误相关的活动减少的认知影响。21名活跃的可卡因吸毒者(6名女性，平均年龄40.3岁)和22名非吸毒者(6名女性，平均39.9岁)参加了调查。结果表明，可卡因吸毒者一贯表现出较差的抑制控制，这种缺陷伴随着对错误的意识降低。错误后反应时间的适应在不同组之间没有差异，尽管适应行为的不同衡量标准：在未能抑制后立即对试验施加抑制控制，在使用可卡因的样本中明显较差。总而言之，可卡因使用者监测其行为的能力减弱，但能够对尚未遭受潜在缺陷的过程进行错误后调整。这些困难与之前关于认知控制基础的神经系统与可卡因相关的活动不足的报道一致，并突显了认知功能障碍表现为可能导致药物依赖维持的行为缺陷的可能性。
Active cocaine abusers have a diminished neural response to errors, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex thought critical to error processing. The inability to detect, or adjust performance following errors has been linked to clinical symptoms including the loss of insight and perseverative behavior. We investigated the cognitive implications of this diminished error-related activity, using response inhibition tasks that required error awareness and performance adaptation. Twenty-one active cocaine users ( six female subjects, mean age 40.3) and 22 non-drug using adults ( six female subjects, mean 39.9) participated. The results indicated that cocaine users consistently demonstrated poorer inhibitory control, a deficit accompanied by reduced awareness of errors. Adaptation of post-error reaction times did not differ between groups, although a different measure of adaptive behavior: exerting inhibitory control on the trial immediately after failing to inhibit, was significantly poorer in the cocaine using sample. In summary, cocaine users demonstrated a diminished capacity for monitoring their behavior, but were able to perform post-error adjustment to processes not already suffering an underlying deficit. These difficulties are consistent with previous reports of cocaine-related hypoactivity in the neural system underlying cognitive control, and highlight the potential for cognitive dysfunction to manifest as behavioral deficits that likely contribute to the maintenance of drug dependence.