Aligning science and policy to achieve evolutionarily enlightened conservation
Aligning science and policy to achieve evolutionarily enlightened conservation
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12863
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Sgro, Carla M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cook, Carly N.;Sgro, Carla M.
保护科学家越来越认识到，通过将进化理论更好地整合到管理实践中，可以改善长期保护结果。尽管人们担心进化理论中出现的关键概念(即进化原则和过程)的重要性没有得到管理者的认识，但几乎没有努力确定进化理论与保护政策和实践的整合程度。我们评估了三大洲3个尺度(国际、国家和省级)的保护政策，以量化遗传多样性和基因流等关键进化概念被纳入保护实践的程度。我们还评估了应用进化生物学文献中关于管理者如何改变他们的管理实践以实现更好的保护结果的明确指导的可用性。尽管人们普遍认识到维持遗传多样性的重要性，但保护政策几乎没有就如何在实践中实现这一点提供指导，其他相关的进化概念，如近亲繁殖衰退，很少被提及。在某些情况下，进化概念与管理的结合不佳，反映出文献中缺乏决策支持工具。在这些工具可用的地方，如风险评估框架，它们没有被保护政策制定者采用，这表明，强大的证据基础的可用性并不是进化启蒙管理的唯一障碍。我们认为，进化生物学家显然需要与政策制定者进行更多的接触，以制定实用的指导方针，帮助管理者改变保护实践。还迫切需要更多的研究，以更好地了解将进化理论纳入保护实践的障碍和机会。
There is increasing recognition among conservation scientists that long-term conservation outcomes could be improved through better integration of evolutionary theory into management practices. Despite concerns that the importance of key concepts emerging from evolutionary theory (i.e., evolutionary principles and processes) are not being recognized by managers, there has been little effort to determine the level of integration of evolutionary theory into conservation policy and practice. We assessed conservation policy at 3 scales (international, national, and provincial) on 3 continents to quantify the degree to which key evolutionary concepts, such as genetic diversity and gene flow, are being incorporated into conservation practice. We also evaluated the availability of clear guidance within the applied evolutionary biology literature as to how managers can change their management practices to achieve better conservation outcomes. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of maintaining genetic diversity, conservation policies provide little guidance about how this can be achieved in practice and other relevant evolutionary concepts, such as inbreeding depression, are mentioned rarely. In some cases the poor integration of evolutionary concepts into management reflects a lack of decision-support tools in the literature. Where these tools are available, such as risk-assessment frameworks, they are not being adopted by conservation policy makers, suggesting that the availability of a strong evidence base is not the only barrier to evolutionarily enlightened management. We believe there is a clear need for more engagement by evolutionary biologists with policy makers to develop practical guidelines that will help managers make changes to conservation practice. There is also an urgent need for more research to better understand the barriers to and opportunities for incorporating evolutionary theory into conservation practice.