Gut Melatonin in Vertebrates: Chronobiology and Physiology.
Gut Melatonin in Vertebrates: Chronobiology and Physiology.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2015.00112
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Maitra SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mukherjee S;Maitra SK
褪黑激素在牛松果体中被发现后，在几个松果体外来源中也被检测到，包括胃肠道或肠道。芳基烷基胺N-乙酰基转移酶(AANAT)是其生物合成的关键调控因子。松果体中的褪黑素是有节奏地产生的，夜间有一个峰值，与环境的明暗周期同步。最近对鲤鱼的一项研究首次报道，每一肠段的褪黑素水平和~23 kDa AANAT蛋白的强度也表现出显著的日变化，但与松果体不同的是，在所有季节的中午都有一个高峰。广泛的实验研究排除了明暗条件在决定鲤鱼肠道褪黑素能系统的时间模式中的直接作用，并开辟了环境非光线索(S)作为其同步器的可能作用。根据哺乳动物的发现，肠道来源的褪黑素的生理意义也是独特的，因为它在局部水平上的作用被强调，共享旁分泌和/或自分泌功能。本文的目的是总结现有的肠道褪黑激素的时间生物学和生理学数据，并强调它们与包括鱼类在内的脊椎动物松果体中的相同激素的关系。
Melatonin, following discovery in the bovine pineal gland, has been detected in several extra-pineal sources including gastrointestinal tract or gut. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is the key regulator of its biosynthesis. Melatonin in pineal is rhythmically produced with a nocturnal peak in synchronization with environmental light–dark cycle. A recent study on carp reported first that melatonin levels and intensity of a ~23 kDa AANAT protein in each gut segment also exhibit significant daily variations but, unlike pineal, show a peak at midday in all seasons. Extensive experimental studies ruled out direct role of light–dark conditions in determining temporal pattern of gut melatoninergic system in carp, and opened up possible role of environmental non-photic cue(s) as its synchronizer. Based on mammalian findings, physiological significance of gut-derived melatonin also appears unique because its actions at local levels sharing paracrine and/or autocrine functions have been emphasized. The purpose of this mini review is to summarize the existing data on the chronobiology and physiology of gut melatonin and to emphasize their relation with the same hormone derived in the pineal in vertebrates including fish.