War and remembrance: Combat exposure in young adulthood and memory function sixty years later.
War and remembrance: Combat exposure in young adulthood and memory function sixty years later.
复制标题
战争与纪念：成年早期的战斗经历和六十年后的记忆功能。
DOI：
10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.003
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Waldinger,RobertJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nevarez,MichaelD;Malone,JohannaC;Rentz,DoreneM;Waldinger,RobertJ
目标确定应对极端压力的适应性方法对于促进长期健康至关重要。记忆系统对压力高度敏感，几十年后，战争期间的战斗暴露会对认知过程（例如记忆）产生有害影响。没有研究考察退伍军人使用的应对方式以及与晚年认知功能的关系。防御是管理困难记忆和感受的应对机制，其中一些与记忆过程更密切相关（例如抑制、压抑）。利用纵向数据库，我们评估了二战后战斗暴露后对某些防御机制的依赖如何影响 60 年后的认知健康。方法对 71 名男性进行了战后暴露评估、防御机制评级（19-50 岁）和晚年神经心理学测试，数据涵盖 75 年。研究了战斗暴露与预测晚年记忆的防御的相互作用模型。结果在双变量分析中，对抑制的更大依赖与较差的记忆表现相关（r=−0.30，p=.01），但对抑制的更大依赖则不然。对抑制的更多依赖加强了战斗经历与晚年记忆力较差之间的联系（R2= 0.24，p <.001）。相比之下，更多地依赖压抑会减弱战斗暴露与晚年记忆力较差之间的联系（R2=0.19，p<.001）。结论结果表明，应对方式可能会影响成年早期压力与晚年认知之间的关系。研究结果强调了了解人们在成年生活中应对方式如何影响认知功能的重要性。
ObjectiveIdentifying adaptive ways to cope with extreme stress is essential to promoting long-term health. Memory systems are highly sensitive to stress, and combat exposure during war has been shown to have deleterious effects on cognitive processes, such as memory, decades later. No studies have examined coping styles used by combat veterans and associations with later-life cognitive functioning. Defenses are coping mechanisms that manage difficult memories and feelings, with some more closely related to memory processes (e.g., suppression, repression). Utilizing a longitudinal database, we assessed how reliance on certain defense mechanisms after World War II combat exposure could affect cognitive health 60 years later.MethodData spanning 75 years were available on 71 men who had post-war assessment of combat exposure, defense mechanism ratings (ages 19–50), and late-life neuropsychological testing. Interaction models of combat exposure with defenses predicting late-life memory were examined.ResultsIn bivariate analyses, greater reliance on suppression correlated with worse memory performance (r= −0.30,p= .01), but greater reliance on repression did not. Greater reliance on suppression strengthened the link between combat exposure and worse memory in late life (R2= 0.24,p <.001). In contrast, greater reliance on repression attenuated the link between combat exposure and poorer late-life memory (R2= 0.19,p< .001).ConclusionsResults suggest that coping styles may affect the relationship between early-adult stress and late-life cognition. Findings highlight the importance of understanding how coping styles may impact cognitive functioning as people move through adult life.