A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19.
A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19.
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限制COVID-19室内空气传播指南。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2018995118
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发表时间：
2021-04-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bush JWM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bazant MZ;Bush JWM
空气传播通过吸入感染者呼出的气溶胶飞沫而产生，现在被认为是COVID-19的主要传播途径。通过假设呼吸道飞沫通过室内空间均匀混合，我们推导出一个简单的安全准则，用于减轻空气传播，这将对居住者的数量和他们在房间中花费的时间的乘积施加上限。我们的理论模型量化了在空气交换率高的大房间中传播风险降低的程度，增加了更剧烈的呼吸活动，并通过使用口罩大大降低了传播风险。对一些疫情的考虑产生了对新型冠状病毒传染性的自洽估计。目前美国经济的复苏是建立在社会距离的基础上的，特别是六英尺规则，这一指导方针几乎没有提供任何保护，使其免受携带病原体的气溶胶液滴的影响，这些液滴足够小，可以在室内空间中持续混合。COVID-19空气传播的重要性现已得到广泛认可。虽然风险评估的工具最近已经开发出来，没有安全准则已被提出来防止it. We在这里建立在空气传播疾病的传播模型，以获得一个室内安全准则，将施加上限的“累积暴露时间”，产品的数量和他们的时间在一个封闭的空间。我们演示了这个界限如何取决于通风和空气过滤的速率，房间的尺寸，呼吸速率，呼吸活动和使用口罩的居住者，和呼吸气溶胶的传染性。通过综合现有的数据，从最好的特点与呼吸道液滴大小分布的室内传播事件，我们估计的顺序上的10个气溶胶传播的病毒粒子的感染剂量。因此，新病毒（严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型[SARS-CoV-2]）的传染性比其前身（SARS-CoV）高出一个数量级，这与COVID-19达到的大流行状态一致。为教室和疗养院提供了案例研究，并提供了电子表格和在线应用程序，以方便使用我们的指南。对接触者追踪和预防的影响被认为是，并列举了适当的警告。特别要考虑到呼吸射流，因为在不戴口罩的情况下，呼吸射流可能会大大增加风险。
Airborne transmission arises through the inhalation of aerosol droplets exhaled by an infected person and is now thought to be the primary transmission route of COVID-19. By assuming that the respiratory droplets are mixed uniformly through an indoor space, we derive a simple safety guideline for mitigating airborne transmission that would impose an upper bound on the product of the number of occupants and their time spent in a room. Our theoretical model quantifies the extent to which transmission risk is reduced in large rooms with high air exchange rates, increased for more vigorous respiratory activities, and dramatically reduced by the use of face masks. Consideration of a number of outbreaks yields self-consistent estimates for the infectiousness of the new coronavirus. The current revival of the American economy is being predicated on social distancing, specifically the Six-Foot Rule, a guideline that offers little protection from pathogen-bearing aerosol droplets sufficiently small to be continuously mixed through an indoor space. The importance of airborne transmission of COVID-19 is now widely recognized. While tools for risk assessment have recently been developed, no safety guideline has been proposed to protect against it. We here build on models of airborne disease transmission in order to derive an indoor safety guideline that would impose an upper bound on the “cumulative exposure time,” the product of the number of occupants and their time in an enclosed space. We demonstrate how this bound depends on the rates of ventilation and air filtration, dimensions of the room, breathing rate, respiratory activity and face mask use of its occupants, and infectiousness of the respiratory aerosols. By synthesizing available data from the best-characterized indoor spreading events with respiratory drop size distributions, we estimate an infectious dose on the order of 10 aerosol-borne virions. The new virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) is thus inferred to be an order of magnitude more infectious than its forerunner (SARS-CoV), consistent with the pandemic status achieved by COVID-19. Case studies are presented for classrooms and nursing homes, and a spreadsheet and online app are provided to facilitate use of our guideline. Implications for contact tracing and quarantining are considered, and appropriate caveats enumerated. Particular consideration is given to respiratory jets, which may substantially elevate risk when face masks are not worn.
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SARS-COV-2血统的估计可传播和影响B.1.1.7在英国。
DOI：
10.1126/science.abg3055
发表时间：
2021-04-09
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Davies NG;Abbott S;Barnard RC;Jarvis CI;Kucharski AJ;Munday JD;Pearson CAB;Russell TW;Tully DC;Washburne AD;Wenseleers T;Gimma A;Waites W;Wong KLM;van Zandvoort K;Silverman JD;CMMID COVID-19 Working Group;COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium;Diaz-Ordaz K;Keogh R;Eggo RM;Funk S;Jit M;Atkins KE;Edmunds WJ
通讯作者：
Edmunds WJ
DOI：
10.1056/nejmra0910061
发表时间：
2010-12-02
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fahy JV;Dickey BF
通讯作者：
Dickey BF
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Bourouiba, Lydia;Dehandschoewercker, Eline;Bush, John W. M.
通讯作者：
Bush, John W. M.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Erdem, Mustafa;Safan, Muntaser;Castillo-Chavez, Carlos
通讯作者：
Castillo-Chavez, Carlos
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Buonanno, G.;Morawska, L.;Stabile, L.
通讯作者：
Stabile, L.