Enemy-mediated apparent competition: empirical patterns and the evidence
Enemy-mediated apparent competition: empirical patterns and the evidence
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.880217.x
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bonsall, MB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaneton, EJ;Bonsall, MB
当两个受害物种相互产生负面影响时，就会出现明显的竞争。- ）通过提高平衡密度或改变共同天敌的觅食行为。共同的敌人也可以介导非互惠（-，0）间接效应，即间接偏利。当一个猎物物种不受替代猎物存在的影响时。我们回顾了34项关于陆地和淡水系统的研究，以评估明显的竞争在多大程度上被认为是互惠的。- ）或非互易（-，0）相互作用。我们发现只有三项研究显示了明显的竞争对手之间的相互影响。10项研究中记录了间接偏害，并可推断为其他16例（共76%）。其余5项研究提供的数据不足以确定间接相互作用的形式。非互惠的敌人介导的相互作用的明显流行类似于观察到的资源为基础的种间竞争。通过共同捕食的间接效应可能是由于种群大小、营养价值、对攻击的敏感性、替代猎物的异步动态或捕食者的摄食偏好的差异。此外，实验方案可能会通过短期观察、不完整的设计或对明显相互作用的偏见考虑来混淆明显竞争的实际形式，从而导致互惠效应被忽视。我们的结论是。目前。目前仍难以确定自然食物网中表观竞争与间接偏害的相对作用，因为大多数已发表的研究未能充分记录通过共同敌人进行的相互作用。
Apparent competition arises when two victim species negatively affect each other (-. -) by enhancing the equilibrium density or changing the foraging behaviour of a shared natural enemy. Shared enemies can also mediate non-reciprocal (-,0) indirect effects, i.e. indirect amensalism. whenever one prey species is not affected by the presence of alternative prey. We review 34 studies on terrestrial and freshwater systems to evaluate the extent to which apparent competition has been perceived as a reciprocal (-. -) or non-reciprocal (-,0) interaction. We found only three studies showing reciprocal effects between apparent competitors. Indirect amensalism was documented in 10 studies and could be inferred For 16 other cases (76% in total). The remaining five studies provided insufficient data to determine the form of indirect interaction. The apparent prevalence of non-reciprocal enemy-mediated interactions resembles that observed for resource-based interspecific competition. Amensal indirect effects via shared predation may result from differences in population size, nutritional value, susceptibility to attack, or asynchronous dynamics of alternative prey, or the predator's Feeding preferences. Moreover, experimental protocols may confound the actual form of apparent competition through short-term observations, incomplete designs, or biased consideration of conspicuous interactions, leading to reciprocal effects being overlooked. We conclude that. at present. it is still difficult to determine the relative role of apparent competition vs indirect amensalism in natural food webs because most published studies have failed to document in full interactions via shared enemies.