Stem cell therapy without the cells.
Stem cell therapy without the cells.
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DOI：
10.4161/cib.26631
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maguire G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maguire G
作为干细胞疗法日益增长的重要性的一个例子，上个月，加州再生医学研究所(CIRM)批准了7000万美元，用于创建一个新的干细胞临床试验中心网络。在过去的十年中，许多工作都致力于开发利用自体和同种异体成人干细胞移植来治疗一些疾病，包括心脏病发作、痴呆、创伤和免疫系统相关疾病。标准模型告诉我们，成体干细胞存在于身体的大部分部位，并提供了一种通过复制和分化来再生和修复大多数组织的方法。尽管在学术界之外，我们经常看到干细胞疗法发展中被放在科学马车前面的医疗车，但已经取得了长足的进步，例如在癌症患者中使用纯化的干细胞而不是全骨髓移植，在癌症患者中，医生避免将自己的癌细胞重新注射给患者。我们最常想到的是干细胞疗法，通过复制和分化来再生组织，但最近的研究指出，成年干细胞通过释放旁分泌和自分泌物质在各种组织的修复中发挥巨大作用，而不仅仅是通过分化。事实上，成体干细胞高达80%的治疗效果已被证明是通过旁分泌介导的作用。也就是说，收集的干细胞释放的分子类型称为分泌体，或干细胞释放分子(SRM)，数量在100s，包括蛋白质、microRNA、生长因子、抗氧化剂、蛋白酶体和外切体，并通过旁分泌作用靶向多种生物途径。SRM中不同分子类型的组成与状态有关，并随细胞类型和条件(如年龄和环境)而变化。
As an example of the burgeoning importance of stem cell therapy, this past month the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has approved $70 million to create a new network of stem cell clinical trial centers. Much work in the last decade has been devoted to developing the use of autologous and allogeneic adult stem cell transplants to treat a number of conditions, including heart attack, dementia, wounds, and immune system-related diseases. The standard model teaches us that adult stem cells exists throughout most of the body and provide a means to regenerate and repair most tissues through replication and differentiation. Although we have often witnessed the medical cart placed in front of the scientific horse in the development of stem cell therapies outside of academic circles, great strides have been made, such as the use of purified stem cells instead of whole bone marrow transplants in cancer patients, where physicians avoid re-injecting the patients with their own cancer cells. We most often think of stem cell therapy acting to regenerate tissue through replication and then differentiation, but recent studies point to the dramatic effects adult stem cells exert in the repair of various tissues through the release of paracrine and autocrine substances, and not simply through differentiation. Indeed, up to 80% of the therapeutic effect of adult stem cells has been shown to be through paracrine mediated actions. That is, the collected types of molecules released by the stem cells, called the secretome, or stem cell released molecules (SRM), number in the 100s, including proteins, microRNA, growth factors, antioxidants, proteasomes, and exosomes, and target a multitude of biological pathways through paracrine actions. The composition of the different molecule types in SRM is state dependent, and varies with cell type and conditions such as age and environment.