Connectivity as an emergent property of geomorphic systems
Connectivity as an emergent property of geomorphic systems
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DOI：
10.1002/esp.4434
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
E. Wohl;G. Brierley;D. Cadol;T. Coulthard;T. Covino;K. Fryirs;G. Grant;R. Hilton;S. Lane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Wohl;G. Brierley;D. Cadol;T. Coulthard;T. Covino;K. Fryirs;G. Grant;R. Hilton;S. Lane
连通性描述了地貌系统组成部分（例如山坡和河流或河流网络内的纵向段）之间物质转移的效率。将地貌系统表示为网络应该认识到隔室、链路和节点在不同尺度上表现出连通性。地貌学连通性的历史基础涉及地貌系统的管理以及将地表过程与地貌动态联系起来的观测。当前地貌连通性方面的工作强调水文、沉积物或景观连通性。可以使用从当代过程到地层记录或空间度量（例如包含在不同时间和空间尺度上运行的地貌过程的沉积物产量）的各种指标来检测连通性特征。测量连通性的一种方法是确定感兴趣现象的基本时间和空间尺度，并在足够大的基本尺度倍数上进行测量，以可靠地捕获代表性样本。另一种方法试图通过在广泛的尺度上应用相同的度量或使用表征跨尺度的连通性频率分布的统计测量来表征连通性如何随尺度变化。识别和测量连通性对于基础和应用地貌研究非常有用，我们探讨了连通性对河流管理的影响。值得进一步研究的共同主题和想法包括：加深对捕捉景观异质性和连通性模式重要性的理解；使用图和网络理论指标来分析连通性的潜力；需要了解哪些指标最能代表物理系统及其连接路径，并将这些指标应用于数值模型的验证；以及需要认识到某些情况下低水平连接的重要性。我们强调评估作为过渡带的地貌系统组成部分之间的边界并检查它们之间的通量以了解景观功能的价值。 © 2018 约翰威利父子公司。
Connectivity describes the efficiency of material transfer between geomorphic system components such as hillslopes and rivers or longitudinal segments within a river network. Representations of geomorphic systems as networks should recognize that the compartments, links, and nodes exhibit connectivity at differing scales. The historical underpinnings of connectivity in geomorphology involve management of geomorphic systems and observations linking surface processes to landform dynamics. Current work in geomorphic connectivity emphasizes hydrological, sediment, or landscape connectivity. Signatures of connectivity can be detected using diverse indicators that vary from contemporary processes to stratigraphic records or a spatial metric such as sediment yield that encompasses geomorphic processes operating over diverse time and space scales. One approach to measuring connectivity is to determine the fundamental temporal and spatial scales for the phenomenon of interest and to make measurements at a sufficiently large multiple of the fundamental scales to capture reliably a representative sample. Another approach seeks to characterize how connectivity varies with scale, by applying the same metric over a wide range of scales or using statistical measures that characterize the frequency distributions of connectivity across scales. Identifying and measuring connectivity is useful in basic and applied geomorphic research and we explore the implications of connectivity for river management. Common themes and ideas that merit further research include; increased understanding of the importance of capturing landscape heterogeneity and connectivity patterns; the potential to use graph and network theory metrics in analyzing connectivity; the need to understand which metrics best represent the physical system and its connectivity pathways, and to apply these metrics to the validation of numerical models; and the need to recognize the importance of low levels of connectivity in some situations. We emphasize the value in evaluating boundaries between components of geomorphic systems as transition zones and examining the fluxes across them to understand landscape functioning. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.