Effects of waterborne copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): physiology and accumulation.
Effects of waterborne copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): physiology and accumulation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.032
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发表时间：
2012-07
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
B. J. Shaw;G. Al-Bairuty;R. Handy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. J. Shaw;G. Al-Bairuty;R. Handy
新出现的数据表明，某些类型的纳米粒子(NPs)对鱼类是有毒的，鉴于众所周知的溶解金属的毒性，也有人担心含有金属的NPs对金属盐的危害是相似的还是不同的。在这项研究中，虹鱼幼鱼在半静态水中暴露于对照组，20或100μgl−1的CuSO4或CuNPs(平均一次粒子尺寸，87±27 nm)。分别在第0、4、10天对鱼进行组织微量元素、血液学和生化检测。到第4天，100μgl−1cu As CuSO4处理的鱼显示85%的死亡率(治疗随后终止)，而100μgl−1cu-NP暴露的鱼的死亡率为14%。对照组、20μgl−1cu CuSO4、20μgl−1cu-NP处理组第10天死亡率分别为4%、17%、10%和19%。与对照组相比，所有铜处理组鱼的鳃中铜均有积累，且在第4天时CuSO4处理组和第10天时所有铜处理组均显著高于对照组。在任何处理中，鱼的脾、脑或肌肉中都没有发现显著的铜积累，尽管在整个过程中，高铜氮磷处理组的肠道铜含量都有所上升。血液学改变和血浆Na+耗竭与治疗有关，纳米形态与金属盐型有一定差异，但纳米铜纳米粒无明显溶血作用。在所有铜处理中，鳃Na+/K+-ATPase活性降低了6倍(与对照相比)，血浆和屠体离子浓度的耗尽表明，铜纳米颗粒对虹鳟鱼是一种离子调节毒物。在统计上，大脑和肠道中的Na+/K+-ATPase活性也显著降低，虽然前者没有物质类型的影响，但这只在暴露于100μgl−1cu-NPs的鱼的肠道中观察到。组织中硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)的变化与材料有关，在鳃中，铜纳米颗粒引起的TBARS增加(尽管与对照相比并不显著)比同等金属盐处理(后者实际上与所有其他处理相比显著减少)更大。总体而言，这些数据表明，铜纳米颗粒具有与硫酸铜类似的毒性效应，在组织铜浓度低于预期的情况下，铜纳米颗粒可能会对溶解的金属产生毒性作用。
Emerging data suggests that some types of nanoparticles (NPs) are toxic to fish, and given the well-known toxicity of dissolved metals, there are also concerns about whether metal-containing NPs present a similar or different hazard to metal salts. In this study, juvenile rainbow trout were exposed in triplicate to either a control, 20 or 100μgl−1of either Cu as CuSO4or Cu-NPs (mean primary particle size, 87±27nm) in a semi-static aqueous exposure regime. Fish were sampled at days 0, 4, and 10 for tissue trace elements, haematology, and biochemistry. By day 4, fish from the 100μgl−1Cu as CuSO4treatment showed 85% mortality (treatment subsequently terminated) compared to 14% in the 100μgl−1Cu-NP exposed fish. Mortality at day 10 was 4, 17, 10, and 19% in the control, 20μgl−1Cu as CuSO4, 20 and 100μgl−1Cu-NP treatments, respectively. Copper accumulation was seen in the gills of fish from all Cu treatments, and was statistically significant in both CuSO4treatments at day 4 and all Cu treatments at day 10 compared to controls. No statistically significant Cu accumulation was seen in the spleen, brain or muscle of fish from any treatment, although an elevation in intestinal Cu was seen in the high Cu-NP treatment throughout. There were some transient changes in haematology and depletion of plasma Na+that was treatment-related, with some differences between the nano form and metal salt, but Cu-NPs were not overtly haemolytic. A 6-fold decrease in branchial Na+/K+-ATPase activity in all Cu treatments (compared to controls), depletion of plasma and carcass ion concentrations suggest that Cu-NPs are an ionoregulatory toxicant to rainbow trout. Statistically significant decreases in Na+/K+-ATPase activity were also seen in the brains and intestine, and whilst there was no material-type effect in the former, this was only observed in the gut of fish exposed to 100μgl−1Cu-NPs. There were material-dependent changes in tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and in the gill the Cu-NPs caused a larger (though non-significant compared to control) increase in TBARS than the equivalent metal salt treatment (the latter actually being significantly reduced compared to all other treatments). Overall, these data show that Cu-NPs have similar types of toxic effects to CuSO4, which can occur at lower tissue Cu concentrations than expected for the dissolved metal.