Exosomes as a Nanodelivery System: a Key to the Future of Neuromedicine?
Exosomes as a Nanodelivery System: a Key to the Future of Neuromedicine?
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DOI：
10.1007/s12035-014-9054-5
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Denecke B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aryani A;Denecke B
自上个十年开始以来，外泌体在科学界引起了越来越大的兴趣。外泌体是一种新型的生物分子在细胞间的长距离转移。本文就外泌体的构建、靶向和与受体细胞的融合机制作一综述。此外，还讨论了外泌体装载的研究现状。特别关注外泌体在中枢神经系统中的作用。大脑中越来越多的生理过程可能与外泌体有关。在这种情况下，外泌体参与几种神经系统疾病，特别是神经退行性疾病的研究变得越来越明显。这类疾病的治疗往往很困难，尤其是因为血脑屏障。外泌体非常稳定，可以通过血脑屏障，因此在诊断和治疗方面显示出光明的前景。临床应用的先决条件是标准化的方法。讨论了使用外泌体进行标准化诊断所需的特征。在治疗方面，外泌体代表了一种有前途的药物传递系统，能够通过血脑屏障。克服与使用内源性外泌体相关的潜在缺点的一个选择是设计人工外泌体。具有明确定义的治疗活性货物和表面标记物的人工外泌体确保对受体细胞的特异性靶向是一种很有前途的方法。
Since the beginning of the last decade, exosomes have been of increased interest in the science community. Exosomes represent a new kind of long distance transfer of biological molecules among cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the construction of exosomes, their targeting and their fusion mechanisms to the recipient cells. Complementarily, the current state of research regarding the cargo of exosomes is discussed. A particular focus was placed on the role of exosomes in the central nervous system. An increasing number of physiological processes in the brain could be associated with exosomes. In this context, it is becoming more apparent that exosomes are involved in several neurological and specifically neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment of these kinds of diseases is often difficult not least because of the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes are very stable, can pass the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, reveal bright perspectives towards diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. A prerequisite for clinical applications is a standardised approach. Features necessary for a standardised diagnosis using exosomes are discussed. In therapeutic terms, exosomes represent a promising drug delivery system able to pass the blood-brain barrier. One option to overcome the disadvantages potentially associated with the use of endogenous exosomes is the design of artificial exosomes. The artificial exosomes with a clearly defined therapeutic active cargo and surface marker ensuring the specific targeting to the recipient cells is proposed as a promising approach.