Molecular and cellular biology of mast cells and basophils.
Molecular and cellular biology of mast cells and basophils.
复制标题
肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的分子和细胞生物学。
DOI：
10.1159/000237670
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Triggiani,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marone,G;Casolaro,V;Patella,V;Florio,G;Triggiani,M
在目前研究的所有哺乳动物物种中，肥大细胞和嗜碱性细胞是唯一能够合成组胺并表达高亲和力结合IgE的质膜受体（FcεRI）的细胞。人类嗜碱性细胞和肥大细胞来源于不同的前体，它们起源于骨髓和胎儿肝脏，并可能在外周血中循环。有大量证据表明肥大细胞和嗜碱性细胞及其介质是过敏性炎症的主要效应因子。免疫激活的人嗜碱性细胞释放两种细胞因子：IL-4和IL-13。几种细胞因子的表达已在人类和啮齿动物肥大细胞的许多实验模型中得到证实。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究分析人类FcεRI+细胞中基因表达的机制。其中一些研究暗示NFAT和GATA家族成员在嗜碱性细胞和肥大细胞中ige介导的细胞因子基因转录激活中起作用。对从不同解剖部位分离的人类嗜碱性细胞和肥大细胞的研究已经建立了这些细胞释放的类二十烷的不同谱。最近，花生四烯酸池的表征和参与花生四烯酸重塑和动员的新酶的鉴定在一定程度上阐明了肥大细胞和嗜碱性细胞如何调节类二十烷酸的产生。除了组胺外，人肥大细胞分泌颗粒还含有具有多种生化特性的中性蛋白酶——胰蛋白酶、糖化酶和羧肽酶。特别是，胰蛋白酶可能作为一种纤维化因子发挥作用，而乳糜酶可能将血管紧张素I转化为血管紧张素II。肥大细胞存在于人类心脏和冠状动脉中，这增加了心肌肥大细胞局部活化可能导致某些心血管疾病的可能性。最近的证据也表明肥大细胞和嗜碱性细胞在病毒和细菌感染中发挥作用。现在很明显，在人类中，这两种细胞不仅参与与过敏性疾病相关的炎症，而且还参与影响几个器官的慢性和纤维化疾病，以及宿主对细菌和病毒感染的防御。
In all mammalian species investigated so far, mast cells and basophils are the only cells that synthesize histamine and express plasma membrane receptors that bind IgE with high affinity (FcεRI). Human basophils and mast cells derive from distinct precursors that originate in the bone marrow and fetal liver and probably circulate in peripheral blood. There is extensive evidence that mast cells and basophils and their mediators are primary effectors of allergic inflammation. Immunologically activated human basophils release two cytokines: IL-4 and IL-13. Expression of several cytokines has been documented in a number of experimental models of human and rodent mast cells. However, to date few studies have analyzed the mechanisms of gene expression in human FcεRI+ cells. Some of these studies imply a role for NFAT and GATA family members in the IgE-mediated activation of cytokine gene transcription in basophils and mast cells. Studies of human basophils and mast cells isolated from different anatomic sites have established the different profiles of eicosanoids released by these cells. Recently, the characterization of arachidonic acid pools and the identification of novel enzymes involved in arachidonate remodeling and mobilization clarified in part how eicosanoid productions is regulated in mast cells and basophils. In addition to histamine, human mast cell secretory granules contain the neutral proteases tryptase, chymase and carboxypeptidase that possess several biochemical properties. In particular, tryptase may play a role as a fibrogenic factor and chymase might convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Mast cells are present in human heart and in human coronary arteries raising the possibility that local activation of cardiac mast cells might contribute to certain cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence also suggests that mast cells and basophils can play a role during viral and bacterial infections. It is now evident that in man these two cells not only participate in inflammation associated with allergic disease, but also in chronic and fibrotic disorders affecting several organs and in host defense against bacterial and viral infections.