Systems Biology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides Production.
Systems Biology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides Production.
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DOI：
10.3389/fbioe.2015.00200
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ates O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ates O
胞外多糖（EPS）是由不同的微生物系统产生的一种新型生物材料。由于其独特而复杂的化学结构和许多有趣的具有新功能的物理化学和流变学性质，微生物EPS在食品、饲料、包装、化工、纺织、化妆品和制药工业、农业和医学等各个经济领域中具有广泛的商业应用。EPS主要与高价值应用相关，近几十年来，它们因其生物相容性、生物降解性以及环境和人体相容性而受到相当大的研究关注。然而，由于生产成本高，只有少数微生物EPS实现了商业化。克服经济障碍的新需求以及微生物EPS在工业和医学生物技术中日益重要的意义要求阐明代谢途径和EPS生物合成机制之间的相互关系，以控制并因此提高其微生物生产力。此外，更好地了解生物合成机制是一个重要的问题，提高产品的质量和性质，也为新菌株的设计。因此，基于系统的方法构成了理解代谢和EPS生物合成之间的相互作用的重要一步，并进一步提高其代谢性能的工业应用。本文主要介绍了微生物胞外多糖的种类、生物合成机制以及影响胞外多糖产生的重要因素。在这个简短的介绍之后，将对最近关于组学技术和系统生物学工具在提高产量方面的应用的文献进行批判性的评价。将特别关注具有高市场价值的EPS，如黄原胶、莱万、支链淀粉和葡聚糖。
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by diverse group of microbial systems are rapidly emerging as new and industrially important biomaterials. Due to their unique and complex chemical structures and many interesting physicochemical and rheological properties with novel functionality, the microbial EPSs find wide range of commercial applications in various fields of the economy such as food, feed, packaging, chemical, textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine. EPSs are mainly associated with high-value applications, and they have received considerable research attention over recent decades with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and both environmental and human compatibility. However, only a few microbial EPSs have achieved to be used commercially due to their high production costs. The emerging need to overcome economic hurdles and the increasing significance of microbial EPSs in industrial and medical biotechnology call for the elucidation of the interrelations between metabolic pathways and EPS biosynthesis mechanism in order to control and hence enhance its microbial productivity. Moreover, a better understanding of biosynthesis mechanism is a significant issue for improvement of product quality and properties and also for the design of novel strains. Therefore, a systems-based approach constitutes an important step toward understanding the interplay between metabolism and EPS biosynthesis and further enhances its metabolic performance for industrial application. In this review, primarily the microbial EPSs, their biosynthesis mechanism, and important factors for their production will be discussed. After this brief introduction, recent literature on the application of omics technologies and systems biology tools for the improvement of production yields will be critically evaluated. Special focus will be given to EPSs with high market value such as xanthan, levan, pullulan, and dextran.