Responses of neuromuscular properties to unloading and potential countermeasures during space exploration missions
Responses of neuromuscular properties to unloading and potential countermeasures during space exploration missions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104617
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发表时间：
2022-03-18
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Ohira，Yoshinobu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohira，Takashi;Kawano，Fuminori;Ohira，Yoshinobu
我们综述了主要是比目鱼神经肌肉特性的反应及其可能的机制。被动缩短和/或主动收缩时的感觉神经活动，与踝关节的跖屈或背屈有关，可能在肌肉特性的调节中起重要作用。被动缩短肌纤维和肌节抑制张力、肌电图（EMG）和传入神经图的发展。在慢性卸压后，比目鱼肌会发生肌节重塑，减少单个肌纤维中的肌节总数，导致每个肌节长度的恢复。尽管肌电图活动和每个肌节的张力发展增加，但由于肌节数量较少，整个肌肉产生的总张力仍然较少。因此，肌肉萎缩不断进展。此外，后脚着地行走或慢跑，施加更大的地面反作用力，刺激比目鱼肌活动，可能是有效的对策。周期性但非慢性的被动拉伸比目鱼肌也可能有效。
We reviewed the responses of the neuromuscular properties of mainly the soleus and possible mechanisms. Sensory nervous activity in response to passive shortening and/or active contraction, associated with plantar-flexion or dorsi-flexion of the ankle joints, may play an essential role in the regulation of muscle properties. Passive shortening of the muscle fibers and sarcomeres inhibits the development of tension, electromyogram (EMG), and afferent neurogram. Remodeling of the sarcomeres, which decreases the total sarcomere number in a single muscle fiber causing recovery of the length in each sarcomere, is induced in the soleus following chronic unloading. Although EMG activity and tension development in each sarcomere are increased, the total tension produced by the whole muscle is still less owing to the lower sarcomere number. Therefore, muscle atrophy continues to progress. Moreover, walking or slow running by rear-foot strike landing with the application of greater ground reaction force, which stimulates soleus mobilization, could be an effective countermeasure. Periodic, but not chronic, passive stretching of the soleus may also be effective.