Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population
Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological associations in the general population
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00227-4
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发表时间：
2000-12-27
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Ohayon, MM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohayon, MM
幻觉是涉及病理学许多领域的知觉现象。尽管临床上进行了广泛探索，但对普通人群的这些现象的研究还很少。使用英国、德国和意大利 15 岁或以上的非机构化普通人群的代表性样本（N = 13057）对该问题进行了调查。这些调查通过电话进行，探讨精神障碍和幻觉（视觉、听觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉幻觉、灵魂出窍、入睡幻觉和催眠幻觉）。总体而言，38.7% 的样本报告了幻觉经历（19.6% 每月少于一次；6.4% 每月一次；2.7% 每周一次；2.4% 每周超过一次）。这些幻觉发生在：(1) 入睡时（入睡幻觉 24.8%）和/或醒来时（入睡幻觉 6.6%），超过一半的病例与特定病理无关；可怕的幻觉更多地是睡眠或精神障碍的表现，例如发作性睡病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合症或焦虑症。 (2) 白天，27% 的样本报告：幻视（患病率为 3.2%）和幻听（0.6%）与精神病理学密切相关（OR 分别为 6.6 和 5.1，保守估计该样本中精神病的终生患病率为 0.5%）；和焦虑（OR 分别为 5.0 和 9.1）。 3.1% 的人报告出现触觉幻觉，其中当前使用药物是最高风险因素（OR = 9.8）。总之，幻觉在普通人群中的患病率不容忽视。白天的幻视和幻听与精神疾病的风险增加有关。其他白天的感觉幻觉更多地与器质性或中毒性疾病有关。 (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Hallucinations are perceptual phenomena involved in many fields of pathology. Although clinically widely explored, studies in the general population of these phenomena are scant. This issue was investigated using representative samples of the non-institutionalized general population of the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy aged 15 years or over (N = 13057). These surveys were conducted by telephone and explored mental disorders and hallucinations (visual, auditory, olfactory, haptic and gustatory hallucinations, out-of-body experiences, hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations). Overall, 38.7% of the sample reported hallucinatory experiences (19.6% less than once in a month; 6.4% monthly; 2.7% once a week; and 2.4% more than once a week). These hallucinations occurred, (1) At sleep onset (hypnagogic hallucinations 24.8%) and/or upon awakening (hypnopompic hallucinations 6.6%), without relationship to a specific pathology in more than half of the cases; frightening hallucinations were more often the expression of sleep or mental disorders such as narcolepsy, OSAS or anxiety disorders. (2) During the daytime and reported by 27% of the sample: visual (prevalence of 3.2%) and auditory (0.6%) hallucinations were strongly related to a psychotic pathology (respective OR of 6.6 and 5.1 with a conservative estimate of the lifetime prevalence of psychotic disorders in this sample of 0.5%); and to anxiety (respective OR of 5.0 and 9.1). Haptic hallucinations were reported by 3.1% with current use of drugs as the highest risk factor (OR = 9.8). In conclusion, the prevalence of hallucinations in the general population is not negligible. Daytime visual and auditory hallucinations are associated with a greater risk of psychiatric disorders. The other daytime sensory hallucinations an more related to an organic or a toxic disorder. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.