Neurotransmitter phenotype plasticity: an unexpected mechanism in the toolbox of network activity homeostasis.
Neurotransmitter phenotype plasticity: an unexpected mechanism in the toolbox of network activity homeostasis.
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DOI：
10.1002/dneu.20909
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发表时间：
2012-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Spitzer NC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Demarque M;Spitzer NC
长期以来，人们一直认为神经元的递质表型在整个生命周期中是稳定的。就像眼睛只有一种颜色，不会随着时间的推移而改变一样，神经元也被认为只有一种神经递质，并在其一生中保持不变。最近的数据对排他性和稳定性这两个原则都提出了挑战。越来越多的大脑不同区域的神经元似乎共同表达两种或两种以上的神经递质。此外，给定神经元的神经递质表达谱已被证明随着时间的推移而改变，无论是在发育过程中还是在活动变化的反应中。本文综述了近年来神经递质表型可塑性的研究进展。可塑性的内稳态机制旨在将系统维持在功能范围内。它们似乎对最佳网络操作至关重要，并且被认为主要通过调节内在兴奋性、突触数量和突触强度来运作。NPP提供了一个新的和意想不到的水平的调节网络稳态。我们建议为NT共表达提供基础，并讨论未来几年进一步研究的新问题和新问题。
The transmitter phenotype of a neuron has long been thought to be stable for the lifespan. Much as eyes have one color and do not change it over time, neurons have been thought to have one neurotransmitter and retain it for their lifetime. Both principles, exclusivity and stability, are challenged by recent data. More and more neurons in different regions of the brain appear to coexpress two or more neurotransmitters. Moreover, the profile of neurotransmitter expression of a given neuron has been shown to change over time, both during development and in response to changes in activity. The present review summarizes recent studies of this neurotransmitter phenotype plasticity (NPP). Homeostatic mechanisms of plasticity are aimed at maintaining the system within a functional range. They appear to be critical for optimal network operations and have been thought to operate largely by regulating intrinsic excitability, synapse number and synaptic strength. NPP provides a new and unexpected level of regulation of network homeostasis. We propose that it provides the basis for NT coexpression and discuss emerging issues and new questions for further studies in the coming years.