A thorough assessment of China’s standard for energy consumption of buildings
A thorough assessment of China’s standard for energy consumption of buildings
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DOI：
10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.019
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
D. Yan;Tianzhen Hong;Cheng Li;Qi Zhang;Jingjing An;Shan Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Yan;Tianzhen Hong;Cheng Li;Qi Zhang;Jingjing An;Shan Hu
中国的《公共建筑节能设计标准》(以下简称《设计标准》)在设计阶段被广泛采用，以规范建筑中实物资产(围护结构、照明、暖通空调)的能效。然而，该标准没有考虑影响建筑物实际能耗的许多重要因素，这可能导致设计估计与实际能耗之间存在差距。为实现战略性十二五规划确定的国家节能目标，中国制定了首个建筑能耗标准GB/T51161-2016(能耗标准)。这项研究概述了消费标准，找出了它的优点和缺点，并提出了未来的改进建议。通过对能源使用强度的两个关键指标约束值和先导值的分析和讨论，可以洞察消费标准的意图和有效性。结果表明，中国的设计标准GB 50189-2015与GB/T51161-2016在计算中国建筑的能耗时，如果采用实际的建筑运行和居住行为，则可以达到两者的一致性。本文讨论了基于结果的建筑能耗标准在美国的发展，并与中国的能耗标准进行了比较，揭示了在美国实施基于建筑实际能耗的新合规方法的优势和挑战。总体而言，本研究为基于实际能耗的建筑能耗标准的最新发展提供了重要的见解，这些信息应该对中国和美国的建筑设计师和能源政策制定者有价值。
China’s Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings (the Design Standard) is widely used in the design phase to regulate the energy efficiency of physical assets (envelope, lighting, HVAC) in buildings. However, the standard does not consider many important factors that influence the actual energy use in buildings, and this can lead to gaps between the design estimates and actual energy consumption. To achieve the national energy savings targets defined in the strategic 12th Five-Year Plan, China developed the first standard for energy consumption of buildings GB/T51161-2016 (the Consumption Standard). This study provides an overview of the Consumption Standard, identifies its strengths and weaknesses, and recommends future improvements. The analysis and discussion of the constraint value and the leading value, two key indicators of the energy use intensity, provide insight into the intent and effectiveness of the Consumption Standard. The results indicated that consistency between China’s Design Standard GB 50189-2015 and the Consumption Standard GB/T51161-2016 could be achieved if the Design Standard used the actual building operations and occupant behavior in calculating the energy use in Chinese buildings. The development of an outcome-based code in the U.S. was discussed in comparison with China’s Consumption Standard, and this revealed the strengths and challenges associated with implementing a new compliance method based on actual energy use in buildings in the U.S. Overall, this study provides important insights into the latest developments of actual consumption-based building energy standards, and this information should be valuable to building designers and energy policy makers in China and the U.S.