A COMMUNITY EFFECT IN ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT
A COMMUNITY EFFECT IN ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT
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DOI：
10.1038/336772a0
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发表时间：
1988-12-22
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
GURDON, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GURDON, JB
在动物发育过程中，最早形成的组织包括肌肉、神经索、脊索和眼睛等主要组成部分。在脊椎动物中，所有这些组织都是通过胚胎诱导形成的，这是一种过程，通过这种过程，大量组织中的一些细胞由于与另一种细胞接近而改变其分化方向1 - 3。诱导的细胞通常形成一个固体连贯的团块，它们与剩余的未诱导细胞之间有明显的边界（图1a）。诱导细胞和未诱导细胞之间的这种清晰的分离比诱导过程容易解释的要明显得多。我们在这里描述了在含有细胞松弛素的固体凝胶中培养两栖动物细胞和组织重组，其中细胞分裂和细胞运动在对诱导的反应中被抑制。这揭示了一种效应，即细胞通过分化为肌肉而对诱导做出反应的能力，被其他同时以同样方式分化的邻近细胞所增强，甚至依赖于这些细胞。这似乎是动物发育中一个新描述的过程，称为群落效应。它有助于解释从细胞片到组织块的形成，并可能在胚胎诱导的形态发生中广泛发生和重要。
In animal development, the first tissues to be formed include such major components as muscle, nerve cord, notochord and the eye. In the vertebrates, all of these tissues are formed by embryonic induction, a process by which some of the cells within a mass of tissue are caused to change their direction of differentiation as a result of close proximity to cells of another kind1–3. The induced cells typically form a solid coherent mass with a distinct border between them and the remaining uninduced cells (Fig. 1a). This clean separation between induced and uninduced cells is much sharper than can readily be explained as a result of the induction process. We describe here the culture of amphibian cell and tissue recombinations in solid gels containing cytochalasin in which cell division and cell movement is inhibited during response to induction. This has revealed an effect in which the ability of a cell to respond to induction by differentiating as muscle is enhanced by, or even dependent on, other neighbouring cells differentiating in the same way at the same time. This seems to be a newly described process in animal development, termed the community effect. It helps to explain the formation of blocks of tissue from sheets of cells, and could be of widespread occurrence and significance in morphogenesis resulting from embryonic induction.