Physical Interaction of Floral Organs Controls Petal Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
Physical Interaction of Floral Organs Controls Petal Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis1[W][OA]
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.112.212084
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发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
S. Takeda;Akira Iwasaki;N. Matsumoto;T. Uemura;K. Tatematsu;K. Okada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Takeda;Akira Iwasaki;N. Matsumoto;T. Uemura;K. Tatematsu;K. Okada
拟南芥中花瓣的平滑伸长需要WS/DGAT家族基因FOP 1。开花植物结出美丽的花朵来吸引传粉者。花瓣是有花植物中最易变的器官，有它们的颜色、香味和形状。在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）中，花瓣原基与雄蕊原基在相似的时间出现，并在后期通过花药和萼片之间的狭窄空间伸长。虽然许多参与调控花瓣特性和原基生长的基因是已知的，但后期伸长过程的分子机制仍然未知。我们发现了一个突变体，折叠花瓣1（fop 1），其中正常的花瓣发育过程中，通过萼片和花药之间的狭窄空间的生长受到抑制，导致在成熟时形成折叠花瓣。在伸长过程中，fop 1花瓣接触萼片表面在几个网站。在fop 1突变体中，圆锥形的花瓣表皮细胞是扁平的，就好像它们是从顶部被挤压的一样。通过手术或遗传手段切除幼芽中的萼片可以恢复花瓣的正常生长，这表明在fop 1突变体中，芽中狭窄的空间是花瓣折叠的原因。FOP 1编码双功能蜡酯合酶/二酰基甘油酰基转移酶家族WSD 11的一个成员，WSD 11在伸长的花瓣中表达并定位于质膜。这些结果表明，FOP 1/WSD 11产品合成的花瓣表皮可能作为润滑剂，使不受抑制的花瓣生长，因为它们之间的萼片和花药。
Smooth petal elongation requires the WS/DGAT family gene FOP1 in Arabidopsis. Flowering plants bear beautiful flowers to attract pollinators. Petals are the most variable organs in flowering plants, with their color, fragrance, and shape. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), petal primordia arise at a similar time to stamen primordia and elongate at later stages through the narrow space between anthers and sepals. Although many of the genes involved in regulating petal identity and primordia growth are known, the molecular mechanism for the later elongation process remains unknown. We found a mutant, folded petals1 (fop1), in which normal petal development is inhibited during their growth through the narrow space between sepals and anthers, resulting in formation of folded petals at maturation. During elongation, the fop1 petals contact the sepal surface at several sites. The conical-shaped petal epidermal cells are flattened in the fop1 mutant, as if they had been pressed from the top. Surgical or genetic removal of sepals in young buds restores the regular growth of petals, suggesting that narrow space within a bud is the cause of petal folding in the fop1 mutant. FOP1 encodes a member of the bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase family, WSD11, which is expressed in elongating petals and localized to the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the FOP1/WSD11 products synthesized in the petal epidermis may act as a lubricant, enabling uninhibited growth of the petals as they extend between the sepals and the anthers.