Cyclic diguanylate regulation of Bacillus cereus group biofilm formation
Cyclic diguanylate regulation of Bacillus cereus group biofilm formation
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DOI：
10.1111/mmi.13405
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Okstad, Ole Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fagerlund, Annette;Smith, Veronika;Okstad, Ole Andreas
生物膜的形成可以被认为是细菌毒力的一种机制。在一系列革兰氏阴性菌中，第二信使环二鸟酸盐(c-di-GMP)水平的增加促进了生物膜的形成，降低了运动性。其他已知受c-di-GMP调控的细菌过程包括细胞分裂、分化和毒力。在革兰氏阳性菌中，c-di-GMP信号转导功能的研究较少，据报道，c-di-GMP可以调节枯草芽孢杆菌的群体运动，但对生物膜的形成影响非常有限或没有影响。相反，我们证明在蜡状芽孢杆菌组中，c-di-GMP信号与生物膜的形成有关，并与其他几种对这些细菌的生活方式重要的表型有关。苏云金芽孢杆菌407基因组编码11个含有与c-di-GMP合成或分解相关的结构域(GGDEF/EAL)的蛋白质，其中10个在蜡状芽孢杆菌的大多数分支中保守，包括炭疽芽孢杆菌。其中几个基因被证明影响生物膜的形成、运动性、肠毒素合成和/或产孢量。其中，cdgF似乎编码了一个在有氧环境中形成生物膜所必需的主二鸟苷环化酶。只有两个CDG基因(cdgA、cdgJ)在枯草杆菌中有同源基因，这突显了枯草杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌在c-di-GMP信号转导方面的差异。
Biofilm formation can be considered a bacterial virulence mechanism. In a range of Gram-negatives, increased levels of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) promotes biofilm formation and reduces motility. Other bacterial processes known to be regulated by c-di-GMP include cell division, differentiation and virulence. Among Gram-positive bacteria, where the function of c-di-GMP signalling is less well characterized, c-di-GMP was reported to regulate swarming motility in Bacillus subtilis while having very limited or no effect on biofilm formation. In contrast, we show that in the Bacillus cereus group c-di-GMP signalling is linked to biofilm formation, and to several other phenotypes important to the lifestyle of these bacteria. The Bacillus thuringiensis 407 genome encodes eleven predicted proteins containing domains (GGDEF/EAL) related to c-di-GMP synthesis or breakdown, ten of which are conserved through the majority of clades of the B. cereus group, including Bacillus anthracis. Several of the genes were shown to affect biofilm formation, motility, enterotoxin synthesis and/or sporulation. Among these, cdgF appeared to encode a master diguanylate cyclase essential for biofilm formation in an oxygenated environment. Only two cdg genes (cdgA, cdgJ) had orthologs in B. subtilis, highlighting differences in c-di-GMP signalling between B. subtilis and B. cereus group bacteria.