Explosive speciation in the New World Dendroica warblers
Explosive speciation in the New World Dendroica warblers
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1999.0825
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发表时间：
1999-08-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bermingham, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lovette, IJ;Bermingham, E
27种树林莺代表了北美最壮观的鸟类适应辐射。Dendroica物种表现出高水平的本地同域性和不同的羽毛和歌曲，但该集团与其他著名的鸟类适应辐射，如夏威夷蜜鸟和加拉帕戈斯雀的Dendroica物种有适度的差异，在有关觅食的形态特征。相反，同域的树栖物种倾向于在行为上划分资源，它们已经成为竞争排斥的一个广泛引用的例子。我们探讨了时间结构的Dendroica多样化通过一个基于3639个核苷酸的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的蛋白质编码的同源性。采样的分类群包括60个人代表24 Dendroica物种和各种其他paruline莺和外群物种。Dendroica物种之间的线粒体分歧普遍较大（平均成对种间距离，10.0%），许多物种都植根于一个基础的多裂。长的末端分支的流行表明，这些物种已经进化出有效的隔离机制，阻止了线粒体DNA的渗入，尽管有许多机会杂交导致本地同域。与零模型的随机分叉灭绝的比较表明，在Dendroica的分支发生已聚集非随机相对于时间，一个显着的物种形成的爆发发生在本属的历史早期，可能早在晚中新世或上新世早期。虽然这种非随机的物种形成聚类与预期的适应性辐射模式是一致的，但Dendroica辐射的年龄表明它是一个“古老的物种群”，其中大多数现存物种代表长期以来在进化上独立的谱系。
The 27 species of Dendroica wood-warblers represent North America's most spectacular avian adaptive radiation. Dendroica species exhibit high levels of local sympatry and differ in plumage and song, but the group contrasts with other well-known avian adaptive radiations such as the Hawaiian honeycreepers and Galapagos finches in that Dendroica species have differentiated modestly in morphometric traits related to foraging. Instead, sympatric Dendroica tend to partition resources behaviourally and they have become a widely cited example of competitive exclusion. We explored the temporal structure of Dendroica diversification via a phylogeny based on 3639 nucleotides of protein-coding mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA). The taxa sampled included 60 individuals representing 24 Dendroica species and a variety of other paruline warbler and outgroup species. Mitochondrial divergences among Dendroica species were generally large (mean pairwise interspecific distances, 10.0%) and many species were rooted in a basal polytomy. The prevalence of long terminal branches indicates that these species have evolved efficient isolating mechanisms that have prevented mtDNA introgression despite the many opportunities for hybridization resulting from local sympatry. Comparisons with a null model of random bifurcation- extinction demonstrate that cladogenesis in Dendroica has been clustered non-randomly with respect to time, with a significant burst of speciation occurring early in the history of the genus, possibly as long ago as the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene periods. Although this non-random clustering of speciation is consistent with the pattern expected of an adaptive radiation, the age of the Dendroica radiation suggests it is an 'ancient species flock' in which most extant species represent lineages that have long been evolutionarily independent.