Knowing what we are talking about: why evidence doesn't always travel
Knowing what we are talking about: why evidence doesn't always travel
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DOI：
10.1332/174426413x662581
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Cartwright, Nancy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cartwright, Nancy
当一项既定的研究结果表明，某项政策/方案/治疗在特定的研究环境中产生了特定的结果（“那里”），有证据表明该政策/方案/治疗将在新的环境中产生这种结果（“这里”）？本文坚持认为，“那里”和“这里”是明确区分的，并提供了答案，我们必须有证据表明，两个进一步的事实获得：（a）政策可以发挥同样的因果作用广泛（广泛到足以涵盖这里和那里）和（B），一套完整的支持因素，必要的政策运作在这里是目前在一些个人在这里。
When is a well-established study result that a given policy/programme/treatment produced a given outcome in a particular study setting ('there') evidence that that policy/programme/ treatment will produce that outcome in a new setting ('here')? This paper insists that 'there' and 'here' be firmly distinguished and offers in answer that we must have evidence that two further facts obtain: (a) that the policy can play the same causal role widely (widely enough to cover both here and there) and (b) that a complete set of the support factors necessary for the policy to operate here are present in some individuals here.