Human facial expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary questions in facial expression research
Human facial expressions as adaptations: Evolutionary questions in facial expression research
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.20001
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cohn, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schmidt, KL;Cohn, JF
面部在社交互动和社交智力中的重要性在人类学中得到了广泛的认可。然而，人类面部表情的适应性功能仍然很大程度上未知。鉴于当前对面部行为的表型变异、生态环境和适应性后果的了解，可以构建人类面部表情作为行为适应的进化模型。对面部表情的研究是可行的，但结果通常不是从进化的角度来构建的。这篇综述确定了面部表情的相关物理现象，并将这种行为的研究与一般交流和社交的人类学研究结合起来。与面部表情进化研究相关的人类学问题包括：面部表情作为协调的、刻板的行为表型，不同面部表情的独特背景和功能，面部表情与言语的关系，面部表情作为信号的价值，以及面部表情与人类和非人类灵长类动物的社会智力的关系。人类微笑被用作适应的例子，并提出了关于人类微笑以及其他表情的可检验假设。 Yrbk Phys Anthropol 44:3-24, 2001。(C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The importance of the face in social interaction and social intelligence is widely recognized in anthropology. Yet the adaptive functions of human facial expression remain largely unknown. An evolutionary model of human facial expression as behavioral adaptation can be constructed, given the current knowledge of the phenotypic variation, ecological contexts, and fitness consequences of facial behavior. Studies of facial expression are available, but results are not typically framed in an evolutionary perspective. This review identifies the relevant physical phenomena of facial expression and integrates the study of this behavior with the anthropological study of communication and sociality in general. Anthropological issues with relevance to the evolutionary study of facial expression include: facial expressions as coordinated, stereotyped behavioral phenotypes, the unique contexts and functions of different facial expressions, the relationship of facial expression to speech, the value of facial expressions as signals, and the relationship of facial expression to social intelligence in humans and in nonhuman primates. Human smiling is used as an example of adaptation, and testable hypotheses concerning the human smile, as well as other expressions, are proposed. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 44:3-24, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.