Nucleon-pair approximation to the nuclear shell model
Nucleon-pair approximation to the nuclear shell model
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physrep.2014.07.002
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发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Zhao;A. Arima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Zhao;A. Arima
原子核是由核子-质子和中子组成的复杂系统。核子通过吸引力和短程力相互作用。这种相互作用的特征导致了相似粒子之间的主导性双极和四极相关的模式（即， 质子-质子和中子-中子关联）。因此，在几十种甚至几百种可能的核子对中，很少有核子对，如自旋为零、二（在某些情况下自旋为四）的质子和中子对，以及偶尔出现的等自旋自旋排列的质子-中子对，在低能核结构中发挥重要作用。因此，核子对近似为我们提供了一个有效的截断方案的全壳模型配置，否则太大，在可预见的未来处理中，重核。此外，由于核子对子空间的维数总是很小，核子对子近似导致物理学中的简单图像。本文件的目的是对其历史、制定、有效性、应用及其与以前方法的联系进行合理的审查，重点是过去二十年的新发展。用例子说明了核子对近似和低激发态数值计算对实际原子核的适用性。对逼近的其他问题的应用进行了讨论。
Atomic nuclei are complex systems of nucleons–protons and neutrons. Nucleons interact with each other via an attractive and short-range force. This feature of the interaction leads to a pattern of dominantly monopole and quadrupole correlations between like particles (i.e., proton–proton and neutron–neutron correlations) in low-lying states of atomic nuclei. As a consequence, among dozens or even hundreds of possible types of nucleon pairs, very few nucleon pairs such as proton and neutron pairs with spin zero, two (in some cases spin four), and occasionally isoscalar spin-aligned proton–neutron pairs, play important roles in low-energy nuclear structure. The nucleon-pair approximation therefore provides us with an efficient truncation scheme of the full shell model configurations which are otherwise too large to handle for medium and heavy nuclei in foreseeable future. Furthermore, the nucleon-pair approximation leads to simple pictures in physics, as the dimension of nucleon-pair subspace is always small. The present paper aims at a sound review of its history, formulation, validity, applications, as well as its link to previous approaches, with the focus on the new developments in the last two decades. The applicability of the nucleon-pair approximation and numerical calculations of low-lying states for realistic atomic nuclei are demonstrated with examples. Applications of pair approximations to other problems are also discussed.