On being heard: a case for paying attention to the historical ear.
On being heard: a case for paying attention to the historical ear.
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关于被倾听：关注历史耳朵的案例。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Sophia Rosenfeld
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sophia Rosenfeld
1612年，英国解剖学家海尔基亚·克鲁克（Helkiah Crooke）为读者提供了一个复杂的，如果不是原创的，关于人类听觉作为耳朵和大脑的功能的解释。他解释说，声音是在远离目的地的地方产生的，即使是由人类的声音产生的。由“两个坚硬的固体的撞击”引起的空气振荡，必须从它们的最初的来源经过通常很远的距离到达耳朵的开口。从那里，它们一路向下穿过中耳和内耳的许多部分，直到它们最终到达听觉神经，真正的听觉器官。然后还有最后一步。我们称之为声音的这些最初的冲动必须被传达给常识，常识充当着“检查官和法官”的角色，因为它的工作是调节所有外部感官产生的原始感觉。在“灵魂的密室”中，正如克鲁克也将常识的空间定位在心灵中一样，当我们在生活中前进时，迎接我们的许多声音都与其他感官获得的数据相协调，并被分类为值得人类注意的特定概念。这种基本上是阿伦特式的解释模型慢慢地从人类大脑中消失了。2听觉被重新概念化，常识作为一种感知能力，最终完全从人类大脑中消失了。但是，在我们过于匆忙地把克鲁克和他同时代的人扔进历史垃圾箱之前，我们应该考虑一下
WRITING IN 1612, THE English anatomist Helkiah Crooke offered his readers a complex, if unoriginal, account of human hearing as a function of the ear and the brain. Sound, he explained, is produced far from its destination, even when generated by the human voice. Oscillations of the air, resulting from “the percussion of two hard and solide bodyes,” must proceed from their initial source across what are often great distances to the opening of the ear. From there, they travel all the way down through the many parts of the middle and inner ear until they finally hit the auditory nerve, the true organ of hearing. Then there is still one final step. These initial impulses we call sound must be conveyed to the common sense, which acts as “Censor and Judge” because its job is to regulate the raw sensations produced by all the external senses. In the “privy-chamber of the soule,” as Crooke also pegged the space of common sense within the mind, the many bits of sound that greet us as we make our way through life are both coordinated with data acquired by other senses and sorted into particular notions worthy of human attention.1 Over the next hundred or more years, this essentially Aristotelian explanatory model slowly fell out of favor.2 The business of hearing was reconceptualized, and the common sense, as a faculty of perception, eventually disappeared from depictions of the human brain altogether. But before we too hastily cast Crooke and his contemporaries into the historical dustbin, we should consider the long shadow cast