Physical activity and brain function in older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.
Physical activity and brain function in older adults at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci3010054
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发表时间：
2013-01-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rao SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith JC;Nielson KA;Woodard JL;Seidenberg M;Rao SM
众所周知，休闲时间的体力活动（PA）和运动训练有助于维持健康老年人的认知功能。然而，PA对阿尔茨海默病风险增加的患者的认知功能或脑功能的影响知之甚少，这些风险增加是由于载脂蛋白E ε 4（APOE-ε4）等位基因的存在、轻度认知障碍（MCI）的诊断或代谢疾病的存在。在这里，我们研究了PA和运动干预是否会对AD风险最高的个体的认知轨迹、临床结局以及大脑结构和功能产生差异性影响的问题。文献表明，PA对未来痴呆风险的保护作用似乎在AD遗传风险增加的人群中更大。运动训练也有助于促进MCI患者稳定的认知功能，更好的心肺适应性与早期AD患者更大的脑容量相关。与非携带者相比，在APOE-ε4等位基因携带者中，更高水平的PA可能在减少淀粉样蛋白负荷方面更有效，并且与语义记忆相关神经回路的更大激活相关。更多的研究重点应该放在运动的随机临床试验上，在AD风险增加的人群中进行临床，行为和神经影像学结局。
Leisure-time physical activity (PA) and exercise training are known to help maintain cognitive function in healthy older adults. However, relatively little is known about the effects of PA on cognitive function or brain function in those at increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease through the presence of the apolipoproteinE epsilon4 (APOE-ε4) allele, diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or the presence of metabolic disease. Here, we examine the question of whether PA and exercise interventions may differentially impact cognitive trajectory, clinical outcomes, and brain structure and function among individuals at the greatest risk for AD. The literature suggests that the protective effects of PA on risk for future dementia appear to be larger in those at increased genetic risk for AD. Exercise training is also effective at helping to promote stable cognitive function in MCI patients, and greater cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with greater brain volume in early-stage AD patients. In APOE-ε4 allele carriers compared to non-carriers, greater levels of PA may be more effective in reducing amyloid burden and are associated with greater activation of semantic memory-related neural circuits. A greater research emphasis should be placed on randomized clinical trials for exercise, with clinical, behavioral, and neuroimaging outcomes in people at increased risk for AD.