An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in the aquatic environment of The Netherlands.
An integrated assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in the aquatic environment of The Netherlands.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.053
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发表时间：
2005-04
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
A. Vethaak;J. Lahr;S. Schrap;A. Belfroid;G. Rijs;A. Gerritsen;J. de Boer;A. Bulder;G. Grinwis-G.-Grin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Vethaak;J. Lahr;S. Schrap;A. Belfroid;G. Rijs;A. Gerritsen;J. de Boer;A. Bulder;G. Grinwis-G.-Grin
荷兰对地表水、沉积物、生物区系、废水、雨水中出现的一些雌激素化合物及其对鱼类的相关影响进行了广泛的研究。研究的化合物包括天然和合成激素、邻苯二甲酸酯、烷基酚（乙氧基化物）和双酚A。结果表明，几乎所有选定的（异）雌激素都存在于水环境中的低浓度。在当地，他们被发现在更高的水平。据报道，激素和壬基酚（乙氧基化物）的浓度高到足以对鱼类产生雌激素效应。实地调查没有发现显着的雌激素作用，在公比目鱼（Platichthys flesus）在公海和荷兰河口。在主要内陆沃茨，如低地河流和港口地区的鲷（Abramis brama）中观察到轻微至中度的雌激素效应。雄鱼雌性化效应的普遍性在受潜在干扰生殖系统化合物来源强烈影响的小区域表层沃茨中最大。高浓度的血浆卵黄蛋白原和卵睾丸的患病率增加发生在野生雄性鲷在一条小河接收相当大的负荷的污水从一个大型污水处理厂。在采用体外和体内生物测定（原位和实验室）后，我们得出结论，在这种情况下，激素（特别是17α-乙炔基炔雌醇）和可能还有壬基酚（乙氧基化物）是这些效应的主要原因。
An extensive study was carried out in the Netherlands on the occurrence of a number of estrogenic compounds in surface water, sediment, biota, wastewater, rainwater and on the associated effects in fish. Compounds investigated included natural and synthetic hormones, phthalates, alkylphenol(ethoxylate)s and bisphenol-A. The results showed that almost all selected (xeno-)estrogens were present at low concentrations in the aquatic environment. Locally, they were found at higher levels. Hormones and nonylphenol(ethoxylate)s were present in concentrations that are reportedly high enough to cause estrogenic effects in fish. Field surveys did not disclose significant estrogenic effects in male flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the open sea and in Dutch estuaries. Minor to moderate estrogenic effects were observed in bream (Abramis brama) in major inland surface waters such as lowland rivers and a harbor area. The prevalence of feminizing effects in male fish is largest in small regional surface waters that are strongly influenced by sources of potential hormone-disrupting compounds. High concentrations of plasma vitellogenin and an increased prevalence of ovotestes occurred in wild male bream in a small river receiving a considerable load of effluent from a large sewage treatment plant. After employing in vitro and in vivo bioassays, both in situ and in the laboratory, we conclude that in this case hormones (especially 17α-ethynylestradiol) and possibly also nonylphenol(ethoxylate)s are primarily responsible for these effects.