Partitioning between soluble and insoluble fractions of major and trace elements in size-classified airborne particulate matter collected in Tokyo.
Partitioning between soluble and insoluble fractions of major and trace elements in size-classified airborne particulate matter collected in Tokyo.
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DOI：
10.1039/b709937a
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发表时间：
2008-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Keiichi Sato;T. Tamura;N. Furuta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keiichi Sato;T. Tamura;N. Furuta
空气颗粒物（APM）是一种主要的空气污染物，沉积在肺部深处的细小APM（PM2.5）对人体健康的影响最近已成为人们严重关注的问题。此外，可溶性成分可能会从 APM 中浸出，并加剧一些健康问题。为了鉴定 APM 的可溶性化学成分，在东京市中心对按尺寸分类的 APM 进行了取样，并研究了水溶性、酸溶性和不溶性部分的元素组成。通过计算标准 APM 参考物质 (NIST SRM 1648) 的可溶性和不溶性部分的质量平衡来验证提取程序。主要元素中，所有粒度级别的 APM 中的 Fe 和 Ti 以及粗 APM 中的 K 主要分布在不溶部分，推测以氧化物或硅酸盐形式存在，而所有粒度级别的 Na 和 Mg 以及细 APM 中的 K 主要分布在水溶性部分，推测主要来自海盐。微量元素中，细粒APM（d<2μm）中的Zn和Cd富集系数较大，表明是人为来源，并且主要分布在水溶性部分中。当细小的人为 APM 进入肺部时，浸出的有毒元素（例如镉）可能会对健康产生不利影响。该元素的一氧化物分子的键能越高，其在水溶性部分中的分配比例就越高。因此，APM 中的许多金属元素被推断以氧键化合物的形式存在。
Airborne particulate matter (APM) is a major air pollutant, and the effect on human health of fine APM (PM2.5) deposited deep inside the lungs has recently become a serious concern. Moreover, soluble constituents may leach from APM, and intensify some health disorders. To identify the soluble chemical constituents of APM, size-classified APM was sampled in central Tokyo, and the elemental compositions of the water-soluble, acid-soluble and insoluble fractions were investigated. The extraction procedure was validated by calculating the mass balance of soluble and insoluble fractions of a standard APM reference material (NIST SRM 1648). Among the major elements, Fe and Ti in APM of all size classes and K in coarse APM were distributed primarily in the insoluble fraction and were inferred to be present as oxides or silicates, whereas Na and Mg in all size classes and K in fine APM were primarily in the water-soluble fraction and were inferred to be have originated mainly from sea salt. Among the trace elements, Zn and Cd in the fine APM (d < 2 microm) had large enrichment factors, indicating an anthropogenic origin, and were distributed primarily in the water-soluble fraction. When fine anthropogenic APM enters into the lungs, leached toxic elements, such as Cd, may adversely affect health. The higher the bonding energy of the monoxide molecule of the element was, the higher its distribution ratio was in the water-soluble fraction. Therefore, many metallic elements in APM were inferred to be present as oxygen-bonded compounds.