CURIOSITY AND EXPLORATION
CURIOSITY AND EXPLORATION
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DOI：
10.1126/science.153.3731.25
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发表时间：
1966-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
BERLYNE, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BERLYNE, DE
Fig. 1.在10次10秒的试验中，当两种模式并排出现时，受试者注视一种新的（变化的）和一种熟悉的（反复出现的）模式所花费的平均时间，试验间隔为20秒。[改编自Berlyne（14）]在安顿下来吃饭之前，先选一个新的特色。一只鸟可能会冒着生命危险接近一个陌生的、有潜在威胁的物体。据报道，甚至人类也曾在罗马燃烧时弹奏过七弦琴，并在看到入侵的阿尔马达后坚持完成一场保龄球比赛。在达尔文进化论和后来坎农稳态概念的影响下，在20世纪30年代和40年代，人们普遍认为，行为的动机与明确的生存先决条件有关，比如吃，饮酒生育避免身体伤害人们认为，行为是由生物危险或与生物危险相关的事件（通过邻近性或相似性）引起的。同样，动物和人类为之奋斗的目标通常被认为与生物的满足或解脱有着内在的或后天习得的联系。这些假设，以不同的形式，被早期的新行为主义者，生理心理学家和精神分析学家所分享。
Fig. 1. Mean time spent by subjects fixating a novel (varying) and a familiar (recurring) pattern when thetwo were presented side by side for ten 10-second trials with 20-second intertrial intervals.[Adapted from Berlyne (14)] gating a novel feature of the environ-ment before settling down to eat (3). A bird may approach a strange and potentially threatening object at the risk of its life (4). Even human beings are reported to have played the lyre while Rome was burning and to have insisted on completing a game of bowls after an invading armada had been sighted.Under the influence of Darwin's evo-lutionary theory and later of Cannon s concept of homeostasis, it had come to be widely believed during the 1930's and 1940's that the motivation of behavior is bound up with clear-cut pre-requisites of survival, such as eating, drinking, procreating, and avoiding bodily injury. Behavior is set in mo-tion, it was thought, either by biological dangers or by events associated (through contiguity or through similarity) with biological dangers. Similarly, the goals for which animals and hu-man beings strive were commonly as-sumed to have inherent or learned connections with biological gratification or relief. These assumptions, in different forms, were shared by the early neobehaviorists, physiological psychologists, and psychoanalysts.