Evolution and development of model membranes for physicochemical and functional studies of the membrane lateral heterogeneity
Evolution and development of model membranes for physicochemical and functional studies of the membrane lateral heterogeneity
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.010
复制
发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tanimoto, Yasushi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morigaki, Kenichi;Tanimoto, Yasushi
膜生物学的主要问题之一是膜异质性和分子定位的功能作用。尽管蛋白质/脂质成分（筏）的分离和局部富集已被广泛研究，但此类膜域的存在和功能仍然难以捉摸。随着生化、细胞观察和模拟研究的发展，模型膜正在成为理解生物膜的重要工具，提供膜蛋白和脂质的理化性质的定量信息。流体脂质双层分离成液体有序 (Lo) 和液体无序 (Ld) 相作为模型膜中筏的简化模型进行了研究，包括巨型单层囊泡 (GUV)、巨型质膜囊泡 (GPMV) 和支持的脂质双层 (SLB)。测量 Lo 和 Ld 相之间膜蛋白的分配系数，以了解它们对脂筏的亲和力（亲筏性）。模型膜的一项重要发展是基于微加工技术的图案化SLB。图案化 Lo/Ld 相已用于研究膜结合分子的分配和功能。通过模型膜获得的单个分子种类的定量信息对于阐明分子相互作用的复杂网络中的分子功能至关重要。本综述简要介绍了为研究横向异质性而开发的模型膜，特别关注固体基质上的图案化模型膜。
One of the main questions in the membrane biology is the functional roles of membrane heterogeneity and molecular localization. Although segregation and local enrichment of protein/lipid components (rafts) have been extensively studied, the presence and functions of such membrane domains still remain elusive. Along with biochemical, cell observation, and simulation studies, model membranes are emerging as an important tool for understanding the biological membrane, providing quantitative information on the physicochemical properties of membrane proteins and lipids. Segregation of fluid lipid bilayer into liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases has been studied as a simplified model of raft in model membranes, including giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), and supported lipid bilayers (SLB). Partition coefficients of membrane proteins between Lo and Ld phases were measured to gauze their affinities to lipid rafts (raftophilicity). One important development in model membrane is patterned SLB based on the microfabrication technology. Patterned Lo/Ld phases have been applied to study the partition and function of membrane-bound molecules. Quantitative information of individual molecular species attained by model membranes is critical for elucidating the molecular functions in the complex web of molecular interactions. The present review gives a short account of the model membranes developed for studying the lateral heterogeneity, especially focusing on patterned model membranes on solid substrates.