Intrinsic and maternal traits influence personality during early life in Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, pups
Intrinsic and maternal traits influence personality during early life in Galapagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, pups
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.011
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Krueger, Oliver
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeRango, Eugene J.;Schwarz, Jonas F. L.;Krueger, Oliver
动物个性及其可塑性程度已被证明具有适应性并与重要的生态特征相关。虽然这一概念在广泛的物种中得到了广泛的认可，但对自由放养的鳍足类动物的研究仍然很少。在这里，我们使用长期研究但数量不断减少的加拉帕戈斯海狮来证明存在与幼崽在内在和母性特征方面的大胆相关的行为轴。这些海狮居住的栖息地的特点是不可预测的环境扰动，这可能会选择个体之间的个性差异。我们在两个繁殖季节（2017 年和 2018 年）对个体幼崽进行了测试，并引发了对新物体的多样化但可重复的反应，这些反应与性别和年龄有关，但与体重差异无关。对新物体和人类接近测试的反应呈正相关：接近新物体的小狗也更有可能留在人类附近。母亲的年龄和体型也影响了幼崽反应的变化，这表明母亲的健康相关特征可能会影响幼崽的性格。为了确定特征如何随着时间和环境的变化而变化，一年后，我们对 2017 年出生的幼崽重复了新物体测试，并且这两年它们的母亲都在场。这些特征在生命的第一年内保持可重复和稳定；然而，害羞的幼崽表现出可塑性，它们在与母亲在一起时更倾向于接近，这可能是由于母亲的社会支持。我们认为，该物种的个性可能与后来在不断变化的环境中生活史事件的应对策略有关。 (C) 2019 动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Animal personalities and their degree of plasticity have been demonstrated to be adaptive and associated with ecologically important traits. While the concept is well established in a broad range of species, studies with free-ranging pinnipeds remain rare. Here we use a long-studied but declining population of Galapagos sea lions to demonstrate the existence of behavioural axes related to boldness in pups with respect to intrinsic and maternal traits. These sea lions reside in a habitat characterized by unpredictable environmental perturbations, which may select for differences in personality between individuals. We tested individual pups during two reproductive seasons (2017 and 2018) and elicited diverse yet repeatable responses to a novel object, which were associated with sex and age but not body mass differences. Responses to novel object and human approach tests were positively associated: pups that approached a novel object were also more likely to stay near humans. Maternal age and body size also affected variation in pups' responses, suggesting that fitness-relevant characteristics of mothers may influence pup personality. To determine how traits changed across time and contexts, we repeated the novel object test 1 year later in pups born in 2017 and with their mother present during both years. These traits remained repeatable and stable within the first year of life; however, shy pups showed plasticity by increasing their tendency to approach when with mothers, potentially due to maternal social support. We propose that personality in this species is likely to be relevant for coping strategies during later life history events within a changing environment. (C) 2019 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.