Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration
Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration
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DOI：
10.1160/ths10-11-0720
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Nurden, Alan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nurden, Alan T.
长期以来，血小板被认为可引起原发性止血，血小板产生和功能的缺陷表现为出血，而功能上调则有利于动脉血栓形成。然而，越来越多的证据表明，血小板在健康和疾病中发挥着更广泛的作用。首先，它们储存和释放广泛的生物活性物质，包括从α-颗粒释放的生长因子、趋化因子和细胞因子。膜出芽产生微粒（MP），这是血流中的另一个活跃参与者。血小板对于先天免疫反应和对抗感染（病毒、细菌、微生物）至关重要。它们有助于维持和调节炎症，并且是促炎分子（例如P-选择素、组织因子、CD40L、金属蛋白酶）的主要来源。除了促进凝血外，它们在纤维蛋白溶解、伤口愈合、血管生成和骨形成以及母体组织和胎儿血管重塑中具有活性。活化的血小板和MP干预重大疾病的传播。它们是动脉粥样硬化和相关疾病、中枢神经系统病理（阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化）、癌症和肿瘤生长的主要参与者。它们参与其他组织相关的获得性病理，如皮肤病和过敏，类风湿性关节炎，肝病;而矛盾的是，自体富血小板血浆和血小板释放物被用作促进组织修复和细胞生长的辅助手段。现在讨论血小板的上述作用。
Blood platelets have long been recognised to bring about primary haemostasis with deficiencies in platelet production and function manifesting in bleeding while upregulated function favourises arterial thrombosis. Yet increasing evidence indicates that platelets fulfil a much wider role in health and disease. First, they store and release a wide range of biologically active substances including the panoply of growth factors, chemokines and cytokines released from a-granules. Membrane budding gives rise to microparticles (MPs), another active participant within the blood stream. Platelets are essential for the innate immune response and combat infection (viruses, bacteria, microorganisms). They help maintain and modulate inflammation and are a major source of pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g. P-selectin, tissue factor, CD40L, metalloproteinases). As well as promoting coagulation, they are active in fibrinolysis; wound healing, angiogenesis and bone formation as well as in maternal tissue and foetal vascular remodelling. Activated platelets and MPs intervene in the propagation of major diseases. They are major players in atherosclerosis and related diseases, pathologies of the central nervous system (Alzheimers disease, multiple sclerosis), cancer and tumour growth. They participate in other tissue-related acquired pathologies such as skin diseases and allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, liver disease; while, paradoxically, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet releasate are being used as an aid to promote tissue repair and cellular growth. The above mentioned roles of platelets are now discussed.