Relative contribution of high and low elevation soil microbes and nematodes to ecosystem functioning
Relative contribution of high and low elevation soil microbes and nematodes to ecosystem functioning
复制标题
高、低海拔土壤微生物和线虫对生态系统功能的相对贡献
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.14002
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Semeraro S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Semeraro S
生态系统的生产力在很大程度上取决于土壤养分循环，而土壤养分循环又由当地适应的地下微生物和土壤群落的分解速率驱动。然而，气候变化如何影响土壤生物群和相关生态系统功能仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们首先描述了从阿尔卑斯山山麓或亚高山海拔地区收集的土壤微生物和线虫群落的差异以及功能特征。接下来，我们在两个海拔高度进行了全因子相互移植共同花园实验，并询问海拔相关的功能和分类差异是否会根据当地的气候条件而保持或改变。为此，我们分别移植土壤微生物和线虫群落从低海拔和高海拔在他们的家或相反的海拔在花盆中添加一个共同的植物群落，我们发现证据的分类和功能分化的微生物和线虫群落时，收集在高海拔或低海拔。具体而言，我们观察到高海拔地区微生物多样性和活性下降，此外，通过线虫的功能表征，我们发现高海拔地区真菌主导的能量通道增加。此外，根据相互移植实验，虽然我们发现基于原产地海拔的土壤生物多样性变化对植物生长和植物群落组成的影响很小，接种低海拔微生物的土壤比接种高海拔微生物的土壤呼吸量大，特别是在低海拔时。这一观察结果与低海拔微生物群落的碳降解速率更快的观察结果有很好的相关性。气候变化可以根据生物特有的范围扩张变化重新洗牌土壤群落，最终影响土壤肥力和碳循环动态。
Ecosystem productivity is largely dependent on soil nutrient cycling which, in turn, is driven by decomposition rates governed by locally adapted below‐ground microbial and soil communities. How climate change will impact soil biota and the associated ecosystem functioning, however, remains largely an open question.To address this gap, we first characterized differences in soil microbial and nematode communities as well as functional characteristics from soils collected from the foothills or in sub‐alpine elevations of the Alps. We next performed a full‐factorial reciprocal transplant common garden experiment at two elevations, and asked whether elevation‐related functional and taxonomic differences are maintained or can be altered depending on the local climatic conditions. For this, we separately transplanted soil microbial and nematode communities from low and high elevation in their home or opposite elevation in pots added with a common plant community.We found evidence for taxonomic and functional differentiation of the microbial and nematode communities when collected at high or low elevation. Specifically, we observed a decrease in microbial diversity and activity at high elevation, and additionally, through nematodes' functional characterization, we found increased fungal‐dominated energy channels at high elevation.Moreover, according to the reciprocal transplant experiment, while we found little effect of soil biodiversity change based on elevation of origin on plant growth and plant community composition, soils inoculated with microbes originating from low elevation respired more than those originating from high elevation, particularly when at low elevation. This observation correlates well with the observed faster carbon degradation rates by the low elevation microbial communities.Climate change can reshuffle soil communities depending on organism‐specific variation in range expansion, ultimately affecting soil fertility and carbon‐cycle dynamics.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.