How are parental reactions to children's emotions linked with Theory of Mind in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
How are parental reactions to children's emotions linked with Theory of Mind in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rasd.2017.05.003
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Nader-Grosbois, Nathalie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mazzone, Stephanie;Nader-Grosbois, Nathalie
背景：基于“父母情绪社会化”模型（Eisenberg、Cumberland 和 Spinrad，1998），这些研究考察了父母对孩子情绪的反应概况以及这些反应与 ASD 儿童 ToM 能力之间的关系。它们可以帮助识别 ToM 发展中的保护因素与危险因素。方法：研究 1 的参与者包括 29 名 ASD 儿童的母亲和 29 名父亲（26 名男孩和 3 名女孩）。在研究 2 中，39 名母亲和 31 名父亲以及他们的自闭症儿童参与了研究。在这两项研究中，母亲和父亲独立完成了一份关于他们对孩子情绪反应的调查问卷。仅在研究 2 中，通过直接测量和家长填写的问卷来评估儿童的 ToM 能力。 结果：结果表明，与父亲相比，母亲对 ASD 孩子的负面情绪表现出更多的鼓励和更少的最小化反应。对于通过逐步回归分析的母亲和父亲模型，结果强调了父母的反应与儿童的思维能力之间的特定联系，而孩子的思维能力因心理状态而异。这些研究结果表明，帮助孩子理解如何解决问题的父母反应是保护性因素，而剥夺孩子探索自己感受的机会的父母反应是危险因素。 结论：这些研究提供了关于父母对孩子情绪的反应如何能够更好地培养自闭症谱系障碍儿童的ToM能力的新信息；这对于调整家长支持方案可能有用。
Background: Based on the model of 'Parental Socialization of Emotions' (Eisenberg, Cumberland, & Spinrad, 1998), these studies examined the profiles of parental reactions to their children's emotions and the relation between these reactions and their ASD children's ToM abilities. They could help identify protective versus risk factors in their ToM development.Method: The participants in Study 1 included 29 mothers and 29 fathers of ASD children (26 boys and 3 girls). In Study 2, 39 mothers and 31 fathers and their ASD children participated. In both studies, mothers and fathers independently completed a questionnaire about their reactions to their children's emotions. In Study 2 only, children's ToM abilities were assessed by means of direct measures and a questionnaire completed by parents.Results: The results indicated that mothers displayed more encouragement and less minimizing responses to their ASD children's negative emotions than fathers. For both maternal and paternal model analysed by stepwise regressions, the results highlighted specific links between each parent's reactions and children's ToM abilities that varied according to mental states. These findings suggested that parental reactions which help the children to understand how they can solve problems are protective factors, while parental reactions which deprive children of an opportunity to explore their feelings are risk factors.Conclusion: These studies provide new information about how parental reactions to children's emotions could socialise ASD children's ToM abilities better; this could be useful for adapting parental support programmes.