Phosphorylation of mammalian cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase in the regulation of cell destiny: respiration, apoptosis, and human disease.
Phosphorylation of mammalian cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase in the regulation of cell destiny: respiration, apoptosis, and human disease.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_10
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sanderson, Thomas H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huettemann, Maik;Lee, Icksoo;Grossman, Lawrence I.;Doan, Jeffrey W.;Sanderson, Thomas H.
线粒体氧化磷酸化（OxPhos）系统产生细胞的绝大部分能量，但也参与活性氧（ROS）的产生和细胞凋亡。细胞色素c（Cytc）和细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）代表电子传递链（ETC）的末端步骤，是哺乳动物中被认为的限速反应。Cytc和COX显示出独特的调节特征，包括变构调节、异构体表达以及通过细胞信号通路的调节。本章重点关注后者，并基于COX和Cytc的晶体结构讨论所有已确定的磷酸化位点。已经确定了几个针对COX的信号通路，包括蛋白激酶A和C、受体酪氨酸激酶以及炎症信号通路。此外，在Cytc上已经确定了四个磷酸化位点，由于其包括细胞凋亡在内的多种功能，可能具有重大影响，细胞凋亡在应激细胞中过度活跃但在癌症中不活跃。在人类疾病背景下，包括癌症、炎症、败血症、哮喘以及心肌梗死和缺血性中风中所见的缺血/再灌注损伤，对COX和Cytc磷酸化的作用进行了综述。
The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) system generates the vast majority of cellular energy, but is also involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis. Cytochrome c (Cytc) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) represent the terminal step of the electron transport chain (ETC), the proposed rate-limiting reaction in mammals. Cytc and COX show unique regulatory features including allosteric regulation, isoform expression, and regulation through cell signaling pathways. This chapter focuses on the latter and discusses all mapped phosphorylation sites based on the crystal structures of COX and Cytc. Several signaling pathways have been identified that target COX including protein kinase A and C, receptor tyrosine kinase, and inflammatory signaling. In addition, four phosphorylation sites have been mapped on Cytc with potentially large implications due to its multiple functions including apoptosis, a pathway that is overactive in stressed cells but inactive in cancer. The role of COX and Cytc phosphorylation is reviewed in a human disease context, including cancer, inflammation, sepsis, asthma, and ischemia/reperfusion injury as seen in myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
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