HLA typing.
HLA typing.
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HLA 分型。
DOI：
10.1097/tp.0000000000000531
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
James A. Hutchinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James A. Hutchinson
HLA Typing James A. Hutchinson Links [A] https://www.eurotransplant.org/cms/index.php?page=et_manual [B] http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/policiesAndBylaws/policies.asp [C] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gv/mhc/ [D] http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/ [E] http://www.allelefrequencies.net/hla6003a.asp [F] http://hla-net.eu/ [G] http://hla.alleles.org/ [H] http://epregistry.com.br/index/index [I] http://www.hlamatchmaker.net/ Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are the principal determinants of graft antigenicity and constitute a formidable barrier to allogeneic organ transplantation. Clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation are particularly strongly associated with the degree of HLA matching between donor and recipient [A] [B]. Here, we collate web‐based resources related to the immunobiology and practice of HLA typing of interest to basic scientists and transplant clinicians alike. TheHLAmolecules aremembrane‐bound glycoproteins that bind antigenic peptides for presentation to T cells. According to their structure and function, classical HLA molecules fall into 2 classes: Class Imolecules comprise a single peptide‐binding, αpolypeptide chain that associates with β2‐microglobulin and an antigenic peptide to form a mature complex; class II molecules are composed of an αand β-polypeptide, both of which contribute to binding of antigenic peptides. TheHLA class I molecules are expressed by most somatic cells, whereas class II molecules are usually only expressed by specialized cell subsetswith immunological function. Classic class I and II molecules are genetically encoded within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus on chromosome 6p21.3, which is a region of very high gene density, extreme polymorphism and clustering of genes with related immunological functions. The 3 genes encoding HLA class I molecules, namely,HLA-A,HLA-B, andHLA-C, reside within the class I region alongside 2 clusters of nonclassic class I genes. Genes for the class II molecules, namely, HLA-DP, HLA-DO, HLA-DM, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR, are located in the class II region. Polymorphism is a defining feature of HLA genes. The IMGT/HLA database [C] at the European Bioinformatics Institute serves as an official repository for HLA allele sequences, as well as offering a selection of online tools for categorizing and comparing HLA alleles.
