Performance and life cycle assessment of a small scale vertical axis wind turbine
Performance and life cycle assessment of a small scale vertical axis wind turbine
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119520
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发表时间：
2020-02-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Yan, Xiaoyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kouloumpis, Victor;Sobolewski, Robert Adam;Yan, Xiaoyu
风能是最受欢迎的可再生能源技术之一，被认为是任何低碳能源组合中不可或缺的。小型风力发电技术占用的空间较小，可以直接向业主供电，被认为比大型涡轮机更环保，因此受到的批评较少。基于这些，小型可再生能源，尤其是微型风力涡轮机应该是理想的解决方案，但这可能只是逻辑上的飞跃。本文的目的是调查是否值得开发较小规模的垂直轴风力涡轮机（VAWT）作为缓解气候变化的解决方案。一个真实的案例的H转子5千瓦达里厄垂直轴风力涡轮机在波兰的性能进行了研究，使用实际的发电数据。更重要的是，进行了生命周期评估（LCA），根据原始数据编制了非常详细的生命周期清单，并审查了寿命终了处理的两种情况，包括回收和焚烧。性能评估结果表明，实际性能很差，主要是由于低风速。因此，使用了一系列假设的容量系数，以便于与其他研究进行比较。使用CML影响评估方法，对11个环境影响类别进行了评估。结果表明，大多数影响都是由支持性基础设施造成的，特别是桅杆和地基，而不是涡轮机本身，在全球变暖潜能值（GWP）的情况下，涡轮机本身只占30%。虽然特定的VAWT不能实现可以将环境影响降低到波兰现有风能水平的发电，但1.4%的可行容量系数可以使GWP低于波兰的平均低压电力组合。环境性能对容量系数的波动非常敏感，并给出了适当选址、金属回收以及将涡轮机集成到现有建筑结构上的建议。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Wind energy is one of the most popular renewable energy technologies that is considered indispensable in any low carbon energy mix. Small scale wind technologies that occupy less space and can supply electricity directly to their owners are thought to be more environmental friendly than the large turbines and therefore attract less criticism. Based on these, smaller scale renewables especially micro wind turbines should be the ideal solution but this might be just a leap of logic. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether it is worth developing smaller scale vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) as a solution towards mitigating climate change. A real case of a H-Rotor 5 kW Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine in Poland is investigated for its performance using actual generation data. More importantly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is undertaken, by compiling a very detailed life cycle inventory based on primary data and two scenarios were examined for the end-of-life treatment, including recycling and incineration. The performance assessment results show that the actual performance is very poor mainly due to the low wind speed. For this reason a series of hypothetical capacity factors were used to facilitate comparison with other studies. Using the CML impact assessment methodology, eleven environmental impact categories are assessed. The results show that the majority of the impacts are accredited to the supporting infrastructure - especially the mast and the foundations - rather than the turbine itself, which in the case of the Global Warming Potential (GWP) accounts for only 30%. Although the specific VAWT cannot achieve a generation that could reduce the environmental impacts to the level of the existing wind energy in Poland, a feasible capacity factor of 1.4% could make the GWP lower than the average low voltage electricity mix in Poland. The environmental performance is very sensitive to the fluctuations of the capacity factor and recommendations are given for appropriate siting, recycling of the metals and integration of the turbine on existing building structure. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.