Updating the CRISPR Catalogue.
Updating the CRISPR Catalogue.
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更新 CRISPR 目录。
DOI：
10.1089/crispr.2020.29088.ydh
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sashital,DipaliG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dhingra,Yukti;Sashital,DipaliG
细菌 CRISPR-Cas 适应性免疫能够对消灭噬菌体感染做出快速反应。 1 为了跟上快速进化的噬菌体的步伐，宿主细胞利用有关病原体的信息升级其 CRISPR 阵列。从噬菌体基因组中取出 DNA 短片段，并作为“间隔区”整合到宿主 CRISPR 中（图 1）。 2 间隔子作为 CRISPR (cr) RNA 的模板，指导 Cas 效应子结合并破坏噬菌体基因组。 1 因此，通过摄取间隔区对感染的适应可以使细胞及其后代免受未来感染的影响。在过去的 10 年里，人们对适应进行了广泛的研究，其中来自大肠杆菌的 IE 型系统是一个重要的模型系统。早期遗传学研究表明，间隔区的获取需要 CRISPR 阵列以及 cas1 和 cas2 基因内的序列元件。 3 结构和生化研究表明，Cas1 和 Cas2 蛋白形成复合物，可测量 DNA 底物长度并催化 CRISPR 阵列内第一个重复序列处的两步整合反应。 4-6
Bacterial CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity enables a rapid response to obliterate phage infection. 1 To keep pace with rapidly evolving phages, host cells upgrade their CRISPR array with information about their pathogen. Short snips of DNA are taken from the phage genome and integrated as ‘‘spacers’’into the host CRISPR (Fig. 1). 2 Spacers serve as templates for CRISPR (cr) RNAs that guide Cas effectors to bind and destroy the phage genome. 1 Thus, adaptation to infection through spacer uptake immunizes a cell and its progeny against future infection.Over the past 10 years, adaptation has been studied extensively, with the type IE system from Escherichia coli serving as an important model system. Early genetic studies revealed that spacer acquisition requires sequence elements within the CRISPR array as well as the cas1 and cas2 genes. 3 Structural and biochemical studies revealed that Cas1 and Cas2 proteins form a complex that measures DNA substrate length and catalyzes a two-step integration reaction at the first repeating sequence within the CRISPR array. 4–6