Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels.
Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1500758
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Feinberg AW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinton TJ;Jallerat Q;Palchesko RN;Park JH;Grodzicki MS;Shue HJ;Ramadan MH;Hudson AR;Feinberg AW
悬浮水凝胶的自由形式可逆嵌入使得能够在仿生结构中三维打印软细胞外基质生物聚合物。我们展示了使用软蛋白质和多糖水凝胶的复杂三维（3D）生物结构的增材制造，这些水凝胶具有挑战性或不可能使用传统制造方法创建。这些结构是通过将打印的水凝胶嵌入作为临时的、热可逆的和生物相容性支持的二级水凝胶中来构建的。这个过程被称为悬浮水凝胶的自由形式可逆嵌入，能够3D打印弹性模量<500 kPa的水合材料，包括藻酸盐，胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白。3D光学、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像数据的计算机辅助设计模型通过利用开源硬件和软件工具以约200 μ m的分辨率和低成本进行3D打印。基于股骨、分支冠状动脉、小梁化胚胎心脏和人脑的概念验证结构在机械上是稳健的，并重建了复杂的3D内部和外部解剖结构。
Freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels enables three-dimensional printing of soft extracellular matrix biopolymers in biomimetic structures. We demonstrate the additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) biological structures using soft protein and polysaccharide hydrogels that are challenging or impossible to create using traditional fabrication approaches. These structures are built by embedding the printed hydrogel within a secondary hydrogel that serves as a temporary, thermoreversible, and biocompatible support. This process, termed freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels, enables 3D printing of hydrated materials with an elastic modulus <500 kPa including alginate, collagen, and fibrin. Computer-aided design models of 3D optical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging data were 3D printed at a resolution of ~200 μm and at low cost by leveraging open-source hardware and software tools. Proof-of-concept structures based on femurs, branched coronary arteries, trabeculated embryonic hearts, and human brains were mechanically robust and recreated complex 3D internal and external anatomical architectures.