The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community
The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community
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DOI：
10.1161/atvbaha.108.162545
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Melton, LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heit, JA;Silverstein, MD;Melton, LJ
静脉血栓栓塞的发病率超过1 / 1000；美国每年有超过20万的新病例。其中30%在30天内死亡；五分之一的人因肺栓塞而猝死。尽管预防措施有所改善，但自1980年以来静脉血栓栓塞的发生率一直保持不变。静脉血栓栓塞的独立危险因素包括年龄增长、男性、手术、创伤、住院或养老院禁闭、恶性肿瘤、伴有肢体瘫的神经系统疾病、中心静脉导管/经静脉起搏器、既往浅表静脉血栓形成和静脉曲张；在女性中，风险因素包括怀孕、口服避孕药和激素替代疗法。大约30%的存活病例在10年内复发静脉血栓栓塞。复发的独立预测因素包括年龄增长、肥胖、恶性肿瘤和肢体麻痹。约28%的病例在20年内出现静脉淤积综合征。为了减少静脉血栓栓塞的发生率，提高生存率，防止复发和并发症，具有这些特征的患者应接受适当的预防。
The incidence of venous thromboembolism exceeds 1 per 1000; over 200,000 new cases occur in the United States annually. Of these, 30% die within 30 days; one-fifth suffer sudden death due to pulmonary embolism. Despite improved prophylaxis, the incidence of venous thromboembolism has been constant since 1980. Independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism include increasing age, male gender, surgery, trauma, hospital or nursing home confinement, malignancy, neurologic disease with extremity paresis, central venous catheter/transvenous pacemaker, prior superficial vein thrombosis, and varicose veins; among women, risk factors include pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. About 30% of surviving cases develop recurrent venous thromboembolism within ten years. Independent predictors for recurrence include increasing age, obesity, malignant neoplasm, and extremity paresis. About 28% of cases develop venous stasis syndrome within 20 years. To reduce venous thromboembolism incidence, improve survival, and prevent recurrence and complications, patients with these characteristics should receive appropriate prophylaxis.