Developmental Change in Working Memory Strategies: From Passive Maintenance to Active Refreshing
Developmental Change in Working Memory Strategies: From Passive Maintenance to Active Refreshing
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023193
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Barrouillet, Pierre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camos, Valerie;Barrouillet, Pierre
策略的改变经常被认为是记忆发展的一个来源。然而，尽管工作记忆任务的表现在童年时期稳步提高，但在将这种发展与策略变化联系起来方面，理论存在分歧。然而，一些理论，如基于时间的资源共享模型，调用与年龄相关的增加使用和效率的策略，积极维护的记忆痕迹，其他理论，如任务转换模型，没有提到策略的变化。根据这些模型，无论是任务的认知负荷还是维持的持续时间都可以解释回忆的表现。在本研究中，我们正交改变这2个因素。结果表明，一个不同的和独特的因素影响回忆性能在不同的年龄：在6岁的维持时间和7岁的认知负荷。正如任务转换模型所描述的那样，年幼的儿童在执行并发任务时不会执行任何维护活动，他们的记忆痕迹遭受基于时间的衰退。这表明，认知监控能力的增强使儿童在7岁左右从被动维持记忆痕迹转变为主动刷新记忆痕迹，将工作记忆发展的两个当前帐户统一为两个发展阶段。
Change in strategies is often mentioned as a source of memory development. However, though performance in working memory tasks steadily improves during childhood, theories differ in linking this development to strategy changes. Whereas some theories, such as the time-based resource-sharing model, invoke the age-related increase in use and efficiency of a strategy of active maintenance of memory traces, other theories, such as the task-switching model, do not mention strategy change. According to these models, either the cognitive load of the task or the duration of maintenance would account for recall performance. In the present study, we varied orthogonally these 2 factors. The results revealed that a different and unique factor affected recall performance at different ages: the duration of maintenance at age 6 and the cognitive load at age 7. As described by the task-switching model, younger children would not implement any maintenance activities while performing a concurrent task, their memory traces suffering from a time-based decay. This suggests that an increasing capacity of cognitive monitoring allows children to shift from this passive maintenance of memory traces to the active refreshing thereof at around the age of 7, reunifying the 2 current accounts of working memory development as 2 developmental stages.