Linking Small-Scale Flight Manoeuvers and Density Profiles to the Vertical Movement of Insects in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer
Linking Small-Scale Flight Manoeuvers and Density Profiles to the Vertical Movement of Insects in the Nocturnal Stable Boundary Layer
复制标题
将小规模飞行机动和密度剖面与夜间稳定边界层中昆虫的垂直运动联系起来
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-57779-0
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
A. Reynolds
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Wainwright;D. Reynolds;A. Reynolds
大量昆虫在稳定分层的夜间大气中迁徙相当远的距离，对生态过程、生物多样性、生态系统服务和病虫害管理产生重大影响。我们在美国俄克拉何马州的一个地点使用了气象雷达和激光雷达仪器的组合，以重新审视移民在长途飞行中从垂直和水平气流中获得的一般帮助。夜间边界层（NBL）的运动与白天对流边界层的运动相比，给候鸟带来了非常不同的挑战，但我们发现拉格朗日随机模型在预测两种情况下的飞行机动方面都是有效的。昆虫在NBL中运输的一个关键特征是频繁形成一层快速移动的薄空气-低空急流。模型表明，昆虫可以迅速反应以抵消垂直空气运动，这一机制解释了候鸟如何在喷气机中停留很长时间（例如，一夜之间，也许在清晨停留几个小时）。这导致了比在对流条件下可能移动的距离要远得多，并且对于将害虫重新引入由于冬季低温而季节性缺乏害虫的北方地区尤其重要。
Huge numbers of insects migrate over considerable distances in the stably-stratified night-time atmosphere with great consequences for ecological processes, biodiversity, ecosystem services and pest management. We used a combination of meteorological radar and lidar instrumentation at a site in Oklahoma, USA, to take a new look at the general assistance migrants receive from both vertical and horizontal airstreams during their long-distance flights. Movement in the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) presents very different challenges for migrants compared to those prevailing in the daytime convective boundary layer, but we found that Lagrangian stochastic modelling is effective at predicting flight manoeuvers in both cases. A key feature for insect transport in the NBL is the frequent formation of a thin layer of fast-moving air – the low-level jet. Modelling suggests that insects can react rapidly to counteract vertical air movements and this mechanism explains how migrants are retained in the jet for long periods (e.g. overnight, and perhaps for several hours early in the morning). This results in movements over much longer distances than are likely in convective conditions, and is particularly significant for the reintroduction of pests to northern regions where they are seasonally absent due to low winter temperatures.