25 years of neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
25 years of neuroimaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrneurol.2013.153
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发表时间：
2013-09
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肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种致命的运动神经元疾病，其确切原因尚未确定。标准的CT或MRI评估不能显示ALS的神经系统结构改变，因此传统的神经影像学技术对这种疾病的病理生理学几乎没有提供任何见解。先进的神经影像学技术，如结构磁共振成像，扩散张量成像和质子磁共振波谱，允许评估ALS神经系统的改变。这些改变包括灰和白色物质的局灶性丢失和白色物质束完整性的减少，以及神经网络和脑中化学、代谢和受体分布的变化。鉴于其对大脑结构和功能的研究潜力，先进的神经影像学方法为改善ALS的诊断，指导预后和指导未来的治疗策略提供了重要的机会。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了各种先进的神经影像学技术对我们理解ALS对不同大脑区域的影响所做的贡献，以及这些措施在生物标志物开发中的潜在作用。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease for which a precise cause has not yet been identified. Standard CT or MRI evaluation does not demonstrate gross structural nervous system changes in ALS, so conventional neuroimaging techniques have provided little insight into the pathophysiology of this disease. Advanced neuroimaging techniques—such as structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy—allow evaluation of alterations of the nervous system in ALS. These alterations include focal loss of grey and white matter and reductions in white matter tract integrity, as well as changes in neural networks and in the chemistry, metabolism and receptor distribution in the brain. Given their potential for investigation of both brain structure and function, advanced neuroimaging methods offer important opportunities to improve diagnosis, guide prognosis, and direct future treatment strategies in ALS. In this article, we review the contributions made by various advanced neuroimaging techniques to our understanding of the impact of ALS on different brain regions, and the potential role of such measures in biomarker development.